Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with body composition and insulin resistance and in European adolescents; HELENA study.

BACKGROUND The present study aims to examine the independent association between cardiorespiratory fitness, sedentary time and insulin resistance in European adolescents. METHODS A subset (n=1.097) of a large multicentre European study (HELENA-CSS study) was used in the present study. Serum concentrations of glucose (GF) and insulin (IF) were measured after overnight fast and Homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA-IR) was calculated. Sedentary time and time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively measured by accelerometers. Moreover, sedentary activities were self-reported via questionnaires. RESULTS Multilevel linear regression analysis revealed that adolescents watching TV≥2 h/day had higher HOMA-IR (p=0.007). Further adjustment for MVPA, showed that watching TV≥2 h/day remained significantly associated with IR (p=0.002). In this model, MVPA was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p=0.001). Further controlling for waist circumference showed that adolescents watching TV ≥2 h/day continued to have higher HOMA-IR levels (p=0.002). Stratified analysis by weight status, revealed that watching TV≥2 h/day was independently associated with HOMA-IR only in normal weight adolescents, while MVPA was inversely associated with HOMA-IR in both overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents. Only the volume of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) over Body fat mass ratio was inversely associated with HOMA- IR after controlling for several confounders. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that watching TV≥2 h/day and MVPA were associated with HOMA-IR. However, after controlling for several confounders, only VO2max/Body fat mass ratio remained negatively associated with HOMA-IR. Future interventions should aim both to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time in adolescents to improve their cardiorespiratory fitness and postpone the onset of diabetes in adulthood.

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