Pulsed Photoacoustic Techniques and Glucose Determination in Human Blood and Tissue

Determination of blood glucose level is a frequently occurring procedure in diabetes care. As the most common method involves collecting blood drops for chemical analysis, it is invasive and liable to afflict a degree of pain and cause a skin injury. To eliminate these disadvantages, this thesis focuses on pulsed photoacoustic techniques, which have potential ability in non-invasive blood glucose

[1]  A. Bell.  On the production and reproduction of sound by light , 1880, American Journal of Science.

[2]  D. Maurice.  The structure and transparency of the cornea , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[3]  Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Liquids , 1965 .

[4]  S. Pohjola.  The glucose content of the aqueous humour in man. , 1966, Acta ophthalmologica.

[5]  Chia-lun J. Hu,et al.  Spherical Model of an Acoustical Wave Generated by Rapid Laser Heating in a Liquid , 1969 .

[6]  P. A. Fleury,et al.  Light Scattering as a Probe of Phonons and other Excitations , 1970 .

[7]  R. Smith.  Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and brillouin scattering. , 1972, Applied optics.

[8]  R. Stolen,et al.  Raman gain in glass optical waveguides , 1973 .

[9]  Occurrence of certain trace elements in cowŽs milk , 1973 .

[10]  J. T. Maloy,et al.  Chemiluminescent enzyme method for glucose , 1975 .

[11]  W. Lahmann,et al.  Opto-acoustic trace analysis in liquids with the frequency-modulated beam of an argon ion laser , 1977 .

[12]  Markus W. Sigrist,et al.  Laser‐generated stress waves in liquids , 1978 .

[13]  C. A. Calder,et al.  Noncontact material testing using laser energy deposition and interferometry , 1978 .

[14]  T. Sawada,et al.  Simultaneous determination of mixtures in liquid by laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy , 1979 .

[15]  C. Patel,et al.  Optical absorptions of light and heavy water by laser optoacoustic spectroscopy. , 1979, Applied optics.

[16]  Ingemar Lundström,et al.  Light scattering effects in photoacoustic spectroscopy , 1980 .

[17]  T. Sawada,et al.  Analysis of turbid solutions by laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy , 1980 .

[18]  E. Voigtman,et al.  Condensed phase photoacoustic spectroscopic detection of porphyrins and dyes , 1981 .

[19]  C. Patel,et al.  Pulsed optoacoustic spectroscopy of condensed matter , 1981 .

[20]  E. Voigtman,et al.  Comparison of laser excited fluorescence and photoacoustic limits of detection for static and flow cells , 1981 .

[21]  M. W. Zemansky,et al.  Heat and thermodynamics : an intermediate textbook , 1981 .

[22]  K. Young,et al.  Theory of the pulsed optoacoustic technique , 1982 .

[23]  J. Schultz,et al.  Affinity Sensor: A New Technique for Developing Implantable Sensors for Glucose and Other Metabolites , 1982, Diabetes Care.

[24]  N. Amer,et al.  Photothermal spectroscopy of scattering media. , 1982, Applied optics.

[25]  Per Helander,et al.  Theoretical aspects of photoacoustic spectroscopy with light scattering samples , 1983 .

[26]  L. Casperson,et al.  Principles of lasers , 1983, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[27]  D. Hutchins,et al.  Non-Contact Ultrasonic Waveforms in Metals Using Laser Generation and Interferometric Detection , 1983 .

[28]  Jean-Marc Heritier,et al.  Electrostrictive limit and focusing effects in pulsed photoacoustic detection , 1983 .

[29]  B. Sullivan,et al.  Profile of laser‐produced acoustic pulse in a liquid , 1983 .

[30]  C. Patel,et al.  Transient optoacoustic pulse generation and detection , 1984 .

[31]  M. Sigrist,et al.  Diffraction characteristics of laser‐induced acoustic waves in liquids , 1984 .

[32]  M. G. Silk,et al.  Ultrasonic Transducers for Nondestructive Testing , 1984 .

[33]  D. C. Emmony.  Interaction of IR laser radiation with liquids , 1985 .

[34]  Masamichi Yamanishi,et al.  Noncontact photoacoustic measurements of semiconductors with Michelson interferometry , 1985 .

[35]  M. Sigrist.  Laser generation of acoustic waves in liquids and gases , 1986 .

[36]  J. Monchalin.  Optical Detection of Ultrasound , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[37]  A. Tam.  Applications of photoacoustic sensing techniques , 1986 .

[38]  David A. Hutchins,et al.  Mechanisms of pulsed photoacoustic generation , 1986 .

[39]  E. V. Thomas,et al.  Partial least-squares methods for spectral analyses. 1. Relation to other quantitative calibration methods and the extraction of qualitative information , 1988 .

[40]  H. M. Heise,et al.  Multivariate determination of glucose in whole blood by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy , 1989 .

[41]  Govind P. Agrawal,et al.  Nonlinear Fiber Optics , 1989 .

[42]  H.J.C.M. Sterenborg,et al.  Skin optics , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[43]  Robert C. Waag,et al.  Physical principles of medical ultrasonics , 1989 .

[44]  Hari Gunasingham,et al.  Fiber-optic glucose sensor with electrochemical generation of indicator reagent , 1990 .

[45]  W. M. Haynes.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 1990 .

[46]  Francis A. Duck,et al.  Physical properties of tissue : a comprehensive reference book , 1990 .

[47]  H. J. van Staveren,et al.  Light scattering in Intralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm. , 1991, Applied optics.

[48]  Richard J. Dewhurst,et al.  A non-contact scanning system for laser ultrasonic defect imaging , 1991 .

[49]  B. Wilson,et al.  Frequency-domain reflectance for the determination of the scattering and absorption properties of tissue. , 1991, Applied optics.

[50]  Gerald J. Diebold,et al.  Photoacoustic effect in strongly absorbing fluids , 1991 .

[51]  Randall Vincent Tarr,et al.  The non-invasive measure of D-glucose in the ocular aqueous humor using stimulated raman spectroscopy , 1991 .

[52]  S L Jacques,et al.  Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies , 1992, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[53]  L. Halonen,et al.  High‐resolution photoacoustic Ti:sapphire/dye ring laser spectrometer , 1992 .

[54]  E. V. Thomas,et al.  Noninvasive glucose monitoring in diabetic patients: a preliminary evaluation. , 1992, Clinical chemistry.

[55]  M. Scully,et al.  An integrated optical sensor for measuring glucose concentration , 1992 .

[56]  Non-invasive Monitoring of Glucose in Blood , 1992 .

[57]  A laser photoacoustic sensor for analyte detection in aqueous systems , 1993 .

[58]  E Gratton,et al.  Propagation of photon-density waves in strongly scattering media containing an absorbing semi-infinite plane bounded by a straight edge. , 1993, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[59]  M. H. Koelink,et al.  Optical properties of human dermis in vitro and in vivo. , 1993, Applied optics.

[60]  H. Heise,et al.  Noninvasive Blood Glucose Assay by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of the Human Inner Lip , 1993 .

[61]  G. B. Christison,et al.  Glucose determination by a pulsed photoacoustic technique: an experimental study using a gelatin-based tissue phantom. , 1993, Physics in medicine and biology.

[62]  A. Lerner,et al.  Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin , 1993 .

[63]  M. Cope,et al.  Influence of glucose concentration on light scattering in tissue-simulating phantoms. , 1994, Optics letters.

[64]  B Wood,et al.  A new laser-ultrasound transducer for medical applications. , 1994, Ultrasonics.

[65]  T von Woedtke,et al.  Clinical usefulness of the glucose concentration in the subcutaneous tissue--properties and pitfalls of electrochemical biosensors. , 1994, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.

[66]  G. Delacretaz,et al.  Acoustic transient generation by holmium‐laser‐induced cavitation bubbles , 1994 .

[67]  M. Shults,et al.  A telemetry-instrumentation system for monitoring multiple subcutaneously implanted glucose sensors , 1994, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[68]  The detection of oil in water by near infrared pulsed photoacousticspectroscopy , 1994 .

[69]  Gerald J. Diebold,et al.  PROPERTIES OF PHOTOACOUSTIC WAVES IN ONE, TWO, AND THREE DIMENSIONS , 1994 .

[70]  E Gratton,et al.  Possible correlation between blood glucose concentration and the reduced scattering coefficient of tissues in the near infrared. , 1994, Optics letters.

[71]  D R Walt,et al.  Dual-analyte fiber-optic sensor for the simultaneous and continuous measurement of glucose and oxygen. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[72]  Z.S. Wu,et al.  Ultrasonic transducer study for photoacoustic calorimetry , 1995, 1995 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. An International Symposium.

[73]  A. Duncan,et al.  A Portable Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitor , 1995, Proceedings of the International Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Conference - TRANSDUCERS '95.

[74]  Gerard L. Cot,et al.  Application of a multivariate technique to Raman spectra for quantification of body chemicals , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[75]  Klaus Danzer,et al.  Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Non-Invasive Determination of Blood/Tissue Glucose Using Neural Networks , 1995 .

[76]  T. David Binnie,et al.  Application of pulsed laser photoacoustic sensors in monitoring oil contamination in water , 1995 .

[77]  Massoud Motamedi,et al.  Raman Spectroscopy Studies of Metabolic Concentrations in Aqueous Solutions and Aqueous Humor Specimens , 1995 .

[78]  Steven L. Jacques.  Tissue Fluorescence , 1995, Other Conferences.

[79]  Frank K. Tittel,et al.  Lateral and z-axial resolution in laser optoacoustic imaging with ultrasonic transducers , 1995, Photonics West.

[80]  I. S. Saidi,et al.  Mie and Rayleigh modeling of visible-light scattering in neonatal skin. , 1995, Applied optics.

[81]  Frits F. M. de Mul,et al.  Nondestructive photoacoustic subsurface tissue imaging: a feasibility study , 1996, Other Conferences.

[82]  A. Karabutov,et al.  Time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography of inhomogeneous media , 1996 .

[83]  Y Wang,et al.  Rapid, noninvasive concentration measurements of aqueous biological analytes by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. , 1996, Applied optics.

[84]  H M Heise.  Non-invasive monitoring of metabolites using near infrared spectroscopy: state of the art. , 1996, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.

[85]  G. Spanner,et al.  Noninvasive determination of blood constituents using an array of modulated laser diodes and a photoacoustic sensor head , 1996, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[86]  R. Steiner,et al.  Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue. , 1996, Applied optics.

[87]  James G. Fujimoto,et al.  Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration , 1996 .

[88]  Bengt Danielsson,et al.  Biosensors: An Introduction , 1996 .

[89]  Hiroshi Yamamoto,et al.  Biological Applications of Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy: Quantitative Analysis of Glucose in Plasma and Serum by a Highly Sensitive Multichannel Raman Spectrometer , 1996 .

[90]  Heinz Schmidt-Kloiber,et al.  Optical detection of laser-induced stress waves for measurement of the light distribution in living tissue , 1996, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[91]  P. Zimmet,et al.  The Rising Global Burden of Diabetes and its Complications: Estimates and Projections to the Year 2010 , 1997, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[92]  Jerome S. Schultz,et al.  Competitive-binding assay method based on fluorescence quenching of ligands held in close proximity by a multivalent receptor , 1997 .

[93]  Heinz Schmidt-Kloiber,et al.  Measurement of laser-induced acoustic waves with a calibrated optical transducer , 1997 .

[94]  Gerard L. Coté,et al.  Noninvasive Optical Glucose Sensing — An Overview , 1997 .

[95]  K Danzer,et al.  Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring by Means of near Infrared Spectroscopy: Methods for Improving the Reliability of the Calibration Models , 1997, The International journal of artificial organs.

[96]  D T Delpy,et al.  In vivo measurements of the wavelength dependence of tissue-scattering coefficients between 760 and 900 nm measured with time-resolved spectroscopy. , 1997, Applied optics.

[97]  S L Jacques,et al.  Measurement of tissue optical properties by time-resolved detection of laser-induced transient stress. , 1997, Applied optics.

[98]  G. Coté,et al.  Noninvasive polarimetric measurement of glucose in cell culture media. , 1997, Journal of biomedical optics.

[99]  P. Beard,et al.  Characterization of post mortem arterial tissue using time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy at 436, 461 and 532 nm , 1997 .

[100]  Jody T. Bruulsema,et al.  Correlation between blood glucose concentration in diabetics and noninvasively measured tissue optical scattering coefficient. , 1997, Optics letters.

[101]  C. Fischbacher,et al.  Enhancing calibration models for non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopical blood glucose determination , 1997 .

[102]  Y. Huang,et al.  Noninvasive glucose monitoring in vivo with an optical heterodyne polarimeter. , 1998, Applied optics.

[103]  Steven L. Jacques,et al.  Noncontact detection of laser-induced acoustic waves from buried absorbing objects using a dual-beam common-path interferometer , 1998, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[104]  L. Heinemann,et al.  Non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring in Type I diabetic patients with optical glucose sensors , 1998, Diabetologia.

[105]  Harri K. Kopola,et al.  Non-invasive glucose measurement based on selective near infrared absorption; requirements on instrumentation and spectral range , 1998 .

[106]  G. Ripandelli,et al.  Optical coherence tomography. , 1998, Seminars in ophthalmology.

[107]  Frits F. M. de Mul,et al.  Imaging of cutaneous blood vessels using photoacoustic tissue scanning (PATS) , 1998, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[108]  Harri K. Kopola,et al.  Photoacoustic signal formation in absorbing and scattering liquids , 1998, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[109]  O. Khalil,et al.  Spectroscopic and clinical aspects of noninvasive glucose measurements. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[110]  F. D. de Mul,et al.  A new theoretical approach to photoacoustic signal generation , 1999 .

[111]  M. Feld,et al.  Multicomponent blood analysis by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. , 1999, Applied optics.

[112]  Alexander A. Karabutov,et al.  Time-resolved opto-acoustic monitoring of tissue in vivo , 1999, Other Conferences.

[113]  Yaochun Shen,et al.  Blood glucose measurements by photoacoustics , 1999 .

[114]  Yaochun Shen,et al.  Advances in photoacoustic noninvasive glucose testing. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[115]  Hugh A. MacKenzie,et al.  A pulsed photoacoustic system for the spectroscopy and monitoring of hydrocarbon liquids using stimulated Raman scattering in a silica fibre as a near-infrared source , 1999 .

[116]  Kirill V. Larin,et al.  Optoacoustic signal profiles for monitoring glucose concentration in turbid media , 1999, Saratov Fall Meeting.

[117]  F. Perennes,et al.  Transduction mechanisms of the Fabry-Perot polymer film sensing concept for wideband ultrasound detection , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[118]  R. Esenaliev,et al.  Sensitivity of laser opto-acoustic imaging in detection of small deeply embedded tumors , 1999 .

[119]  Ivan Pelivanov,et al.  Determination of the optical characteristics of turbid media by the laser optoacoustic method , 1999 .

[120]  A. Roggan,et al.  Optical Properties of Circulating Human Blood in the Wavelength Range 400-2500 nm. , 1999, Journal of biomedical optics.

[121]  M A Arnold,et al.  Evaluation of measurement sites for noninvasive blood glucose sensing with near-infrared transmission spectroscopy. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[122]  Joseph M. Schmitt,et al.  Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review , 1999 .

[123]  I. Pelivanov,et al.  Direct measurement of the spatial distribution of light intensity in a scattering medium , 1999 .

[124]  V. Tuchin.  Tissue Optics: Light Scattering Methods and Instruments for Medical Diagnosis , 2000 .

[125]  R J McNichols,et al.  Optical glucose sensing in biological fluids: an overview. , 2000, Journal of biomedical optics.

[126]  Martin Frenz,et al.  Optoacoustic infrared spectroscopy of soft tissue , 2000 .

[127]  Alexander A. Oraevsky,et al.  Monitoring glucose in vivo by measuring laser-induced acoustic profiles , 2000, BiOS.

[128]  H. S. Ashton,et al.  Measurement of the optical absorption coefficient of a liquid by use of a time-resolved photoacoustic technique. , 2000, Applied optics.

[129]  Samir Mitragotri,et al.  Transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[130]  L Heinemann,et al.  Noninvasive glucose measurement by monitoring of scattering coefficient during oral glucose tolerance tests. Non-Invasive Task Force. , 2000, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[131]  Alexander A. Oraevsky,et al.  Optoacoustic tomography of breast cancer with arc-array transducer , 2000, BiOS.

[132]  P. Beard,et al.  Characterization of a polymer film optical fiber hydrophone for use in the range 1 to 20 MHz: A comparison with PVDF needle and membrane hydrophones , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[133]  A Knüttel,et al.  Spatially confined and temporally resolved refractive index and scattering evaluation in human skin performed with optical coherence tomography. , 2000, Journal of biomedical optics.

[134]  Paul C. Beard,et al.  Optical detection system for biomedical photoacoustic imaging , 2000, BiOS.

[135]  Risto A. Myllylae,et al.  Photoacoustic determination of glucose concentration in whole blood by a near-infrared laser diode , 2001, SPIE BiOS.

[136]  S. Thennadil,et al.  Optical properties of human skin in the near infrared wavelength range of 1000 to 2200 nm. , 2001, Journal of biomedical optics.

[137]  Alexander A. Oraevsky,et al.  Laser optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer in vivo , 2001, SPIE BiOS.

[138]  Alexander A. Oraevsky,et al.  Real-time optoacoustic monitoring of substance penetration in tissue , 2001, SPIE BiOS.

[139]  Kirill V. Larin,et al.  Potential application of optical coherence tomography for noninvasive monitoring of glucose concentration , 2001, SPIE BiOS.

[140]  Alexander A. Oraevsky,et al.  Distribution of the laser radiation intensity in turbid media: Monte Carlo simulations, theoretical analysis, and results of optoacoustic measurements , 2002 .

[141]  Massoud Motamedi,et al.  Optoacoustic technique for noninvasive monitoring of blood oxygenation: a feasibility study. , 2002, Applied optics.

[142]  J. Limpert,et al.  100-W average-power, high-energy nanosecond fiber amplifier , 2002 .

[143]  Zuomin Zhao,et al.  Photoacoustic blood glucose and skin measurement based on optical scattering effect , 2002, Saratov Fall Meeting.

[144]  Minghua Xu,et al.  Photoacoustic tomography of biological tissues with high cross-section resolution: reconstruction and experiment. , 2002, Medical physics.

[145]  Digant P. Dave,et al.  Low-coherence interferometric detection of photo-thermal and photo-acoustic effects in tissue , 2003, SPIE BiOS.

[146]  Tribikram Kundu,et al.  Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation : Engineering and Biological Material Characterization , 2003 .

[147]  L. Masotti,et al.  Toward virtual biopsy through an all fiber optic ultrasonic miniaturized transducer: a proposal , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[148]  Lihong V. Wang,et al.  Laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for small animals , 2003, SPIE BiOS.

[149]  Vasan Venugopalan,et al.  Optoacoustic determination of optical attenuation depth using interferometric detection. , 2003, Journal of biomedical optics.

[150]  Andrey A. Bednov,et al.  Gluocose monitoring in whole blood by measuring laser-induced acoustic profiles , 2003 .

[151]  Vasan Venugopalan,et al.  Optoacoustic tomography using time-resolved interferometric detection of surface displacement. , 2003, Journal of biomedical optics.

[152]  S. Mitragotri,et al.  Transdermal Extraction of Analytes Using Low-Frequency Ultrasound , 2000, Pharmaceutical Research.