The science and technology of combustion in highly preheated air

Recent advances in heat-recirculating combustion in industrial furnaces, particularly of the alternating flow type, are reviewed. A large amount of waste heat can be recovered by this type of system. Highly preheated combustion air, typically above 1300 K, is easily obtained due to advanced design and metarials employed. Although preheated air combustion generally produces high nitric oxide emissions, it has been used to generate high-temperature flames for some special applications. The energy saving achieved simultaneously by heat recirculation has become more attractive, from an ecological point of view. However, to enjoy the energy saving brought by a high rate of heat recirculation by applying highly preheated air combustion to generic industrial furnances, a reduction of nitric oxide emission is required. The possibility of low nitric oxide emission from highly preheated air combustion is intensively discussed. Dilution of the air with burned gases and combustion occurring in air with low oxygen concentration are shown to be indispensable factors in realizing low nitric oxide emissions. This has led to advanced furnance technology.

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