Fat liquefaction: effect of low-level laser energy on adipose tissue.

Low-level laser energy has been increasingly used in the treatment of a broad range of conditions and has improved wound healing, reduced edema, and relieved pain of various etiologies. This study examined whether 635-nm low-level lasers had an effect on adipose tissue in vivo and the procedural implementation of lipoplasty/liposuction techniques. The experiment investigated the effect of 635-nm, 10-mW diode laser radiation with exclusive energy dispersing optics. Total energy values of 1.2 J/cm(2), 2.4 J/cm(2), and 3.6 J/cm(2) were applied on human adipose tissue taken from lipectomy samples of 12 healthy women. The tissue samples were irradiated for 0, 2, 4, and 6 minutes with and without tumescent solution and were studied using the protocols of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Nonirradiated tissue samples were taken for reference. More than 180 images were recorded and professionally evaluated. All microscopic results showed that without laser exposure the normal adipose tissue appeared as a grape-shaped node. After 4 minutes of laser exposure, 80 percent of the fat was released from the adipose cells; at 6 minutes of laser exposure, 99 percent of the fat was released from the adipocyte. The released fat was collected in the interstitial space. Transmission electron microscopic images of the adipose tissue taken at x60,000 showed a transitory pore and complete deflation of the adipocytes. The low-level laser energy affected the adipose cell by causing a transitory pore in the cell membrane to open, which permitted the fat content to go from inside to outside the cell. The cells in the interstitial space and the capillaries remained intact. Low-level laser-assisted lipoplasty has a significant impact on the procedural implementation of lipoplasty techniques.

[1]  M. Miloro,et al.  Low-level laser effect on neurosensory recovery after sagittal ramus osteotomy. , 2000, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[2]  A. Dutta-Roy,et al.  Cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids: role of membrane-associated fatty-acid-binding/transport proteins , 2000, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[3]  James M. Allen,et al.  Low level laser therapy : current clinical practice in Northern Ireland , 1991 .

[4]  C. Juri,et al.  Reconstruction of the umbilicus in abdominoplasty. , 1979, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[5]  Hans H. F. I. van Breugel,et al.  Power density and exposure time of He‐Ne laser irradiation are more important than total energy dose in photo‐biomodulation of human fibroblasts in vitro , 1992, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[6]  Vo Pitanguy.  Abdominal Lipectomy: An Approach to It through an Analysis of 300 Consecutive Cases , 1967 .

[7]  R J Lanzafame,et al.  In vitro effects of low‐level laser irradiation at 660 nm on peripheral blood lymphocytes , 2000, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[8]  H. G. Rylander,et al.  Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[9]  James L.Oschman,et al.  Energy Medicine: The Scientific Basis , 2000 .

[10]  H. Fröhlich.  Long Range Coherence and the Action of Enzymes , 1970, Nature.

[11]  R. Miller,et al.  Direct observation of global protein motion in hemoglobin and myoglobin on picosecond time scales. , 1991, Science.

[12]  S. Hameroff,et al.  Cytoskeletal involvement in neuronal learning: a review , 2004, European Biophysics Journal.

[13]  M. Zocchi.  Ultrasonic liposculpturing , 1993, Aesthetic plastic surgery.

[14]  Gennady K. Popov,et al.  Mechanism of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effects on rat mast cells , 2000, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[15]  M. Thorek.  Plastic reconstruction of the female breasts and abdomen , 1939 .

[16]  J. Auwerx,et al.  Fatty acid transport protein-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and in adipose tissue in humans. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[17]  I. Jackson,et al.  ABDOMINOPLASTY—THE WAISTLINE STITCH AND OTHER REFINEMENTS , 1978, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[18]  H. Fröhlich,et al.  The extraordinary dielectric properties of biological materials and the action of enzymes. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  Steen Rasmussen,et al.  Computational connectionism within neurons: a model of cytoskeletal automata subserving neural networks , 1990 .

[20]  R C Watt,et al.  Information processing in microtubules. , 1982, Journal of theoretical biology.

[21]  Fritz Keilmann,et al.  Sharp Resonances in Yeast Growth Prove Nonthermal Sensitivity to Microwaves , 1983 .

[22]  H. Fröhlich.  Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems , 1968 .

[23]  Fabrice Rappaport,et al.  Visualization of coherent nuclear motion in a membrane protein by femtosecond spectroscopy , 1993, Nature.

[24]  J. Klein,et al.  The tumescent technique. Anesthesia and modified liposuction technique. , 1990, Dermatologic clinics.

[25]  Eleni Alexandratou,et al.  Low-power laser effects at the single-cell level: a confocal microscopy study , 2000, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[26]  F. Kremer,et al.  Relaxation processes on a picosecond time scale in hemoglobin and poly(L‐alanine) observed by millimeter‐wave spectroscopy , 1983, Biopolymers.

[27]  D. Lange,et al.  Microwave irradiation of rats at 2.45 GHz activates pinocytotic-like uptake of tracer by capillary endothelial cells of cerebral cortex. , 1990, Bioelectromagnetics.

[28]  J. Auwerx,et al.  The human fatty acid transport protein-1 (SLC27A1; FATP-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and expression. , 2000, Genomics.

[29]  W. Coleman,et al.  The tumescent technique. , 1998, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[30]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Low level laser therapy for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis. , 2000, The Journal of rheumatology.

[31]  Andrey N. Starodumov,et al.  Changes in transmission spectrum of human venous blood under action of low-intensity He-Ne laser or extracorporal UV irradiation , 2001, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[32]  Vladimir P. Minkovich,et al.  Changes in transmission spectrum of human venous blood under action of low-intensity He-Ne laser , 2000, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[33]  O. Penrose,et al.  Bose-Einstein Condensation and Liquid Helium , 1956 .