Implementation of hybrid electric vehicle energy management system for two input power sources

Abstract Aiming at reducing both size and losses of energy saving system and also integrating the system’s output current and voltage, this paper proposed a new energy management strategy using novel controller in application of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proposed controller, called hybrid sliding mode controller (HSMC), significantly improves the transient response and disturbance rejection of the two input bidirectional converters (TIBCs), while preserving the closed loop stability. The combination of the SMC and invasive weed optimization (IWO), realizes a fast transient response over a wide transient load changes and input voltage disturbances. The development of TIBC modelling based on state space averaging technique has been discussed. Practical and simulation results are reported to validate the theoretical predictions and to confirm the superior performance of the proposed nonlinear controller when it is compared with a traditional SMC. Finally the performance of manufactured EV which equipped with proposed controller was investigated through practical test in case of the stochastic EV driving cycle.

[1]  Xiaosong Hu,et al.  Comparison of Three Electrochemical Energy Buffers Applied to a Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Simultaneous Optimal Sizing and Energy Management , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[2]  Isabelle Queinnec,et al.  Passivity-based integral control of a boost converter for large-signal stability , 2006 .

[3]  Xiaosong Hu,et al.  Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries With Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[4]  Bayat,et al.  Two-Surfaces Sliding Mode Controller for Energy Management of Electric Vehicle Based on Multi Input DC-DC Converter , 2016 .

[5]  Juan Dixon,et al.  Electric Vehicle Using a Combination of Ultracapacitors and ZEBRA Battery , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  Phatiphat Thounthong,et al.  Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source Based on Differential Flatness Control , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[7]  Kai Sun,et al.  Topology Derivation of Nonisolated Three-Port DC–DC Converters From DIC and DOC , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  H. Sira-Ramírez Differential geometric methods in variable-structure control , 1988 .

[9]  Xiaosong Hu,et al.  Longevity-conscious dimensioning and power management of the hybrid energy storage system in a fuel cell hybrid electric bus , 2015 .

[10]  S. Saggini,et al.  Simplified Model Reference-Based Autotuningfor Digitally Controlled SMPS , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[11]  Donglai Zhang,et al.  A Nonisolated Three-Port DC–DC Converter and Three-Domain Control Method for PV-Battery Power Systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  D. Maksimovic,et al.  An Autotuning Digital Controller for DC–DC Power Converters Based on Online Frequency-Response Measurement , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[13]  Rong-Jong Wai,et al.  Design of Voltage Tracking Control for DC–DC Boost Converter Via Total Sliding-Mode Technique , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  L. Martinez-Salamero,et al.  An$H_infty $Control Strategy for Switching Converters in Sliding-Mode Current Control , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[15]  D. Maksimovic,et al.  Adaptive Tuning of Switched-Mode Power Supplies Operating in Discontinuous and Continuous Conduction Modes , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[16]  Chok You Chan Comparative study of current-mode controllers for a high-order boost dc-dc converter , 2014 .

[17]  R. Decarlo,et al.  Variable structure control of nonlinear multivariable systems: a tutorial , 1988, Proc. IEEE.

[18]  H. Pinheiro,et al.  Robust ℋ2 control applied to boost converters: design, experimental validation and performance analysis , 2012 .

[19]  A. Emadi,et al.  Transportation 2.0 , 2011, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[20]  Antonio T. Alexandridis,et al.  Non-linear voltage regulator design for DC/DC boost converters used in photovoltaic applications: analysis and experimental results , 2013 .

[21]  Naehyuck Chang,et al.  Constant-current regulator-based battery-supercapacitor hybrid architecture for high-rate pulsed load applications☆☆☆ , 2012 .

[22]  In Hyuk Kim,et al.  Complementary PID Controller to Passivity-Based Nonlinear Control of Boost Converters With Inductor Resistance , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[23]  Younghyun Kim,et al.  Design and Management of Energy-Efficient Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage Systems , 2014 .

[24]  Andrew F. Burke,et al.  Batteries and Ultracapacitors for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[25]  V. T. Sreedevi,et al.  Boost Converter Controller Design Using Queen-Bee-Assisted GA , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Yu Fang,et al.  Topology and control of a family of non-isolated three-port DC-DC converters with a bidirectional cell , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[27]  Zhan Wang,et al.  Asymmetrical Duty Cycle Control and Decoupled Power Flow Design of a Three-port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[28]  David G. Dorrell,et al.  A review of supercapacitor modeling, estimation, and applications: A control/management perspective , 2018 .

[29]  Shailendra Jain,et al.  A multiple source DC/DC converter topology , 2013 .

[30]  B. Egardt,et al.  Enhanced Sample Entropy-based Health Management of Li-ion Battery for Electrified Vehicles , 2014 .

[31]  Zhenpo Wang,et al.  Multiobjective Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[32]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Formulation of PID Control for DC–DC Converters Based on Capacitor Current: A Geometric Context , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[33]  Kashem M. Muttaqi,et al.  A review of topologies of three-port DC–DC converters for the integration of renewable energy and energy storage system , 2016 .

[34]  Jin Xu,et al.  Application of a novel IWO to the design of encoding sequences for DNA computing , 2009, Comput. Math. Appl..

[35]  Phatiphat Thounthong,et al.  Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Supercapacitors Association for a Distributed Generation System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[36]  Young-Bae Kim,et al.  Robust Time-Delay Control for the DC–DC Boost Converter , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[37]  Yong Kang,et al.  Dynamical modeling of the non-isolated single-inductor three-port converter , 2014, 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2014.

[38]  J. Álvarez-Ramírez,et al.  A stable design of PI control for DC-DC converters with an RHS zero , 2001 .

[39]  Isabelle Queinnec,et al.  LMI robust control design for boost PWM converters , 2010 .

[40]  Yong Kang,et al.  A family of cost-efficient integrated single-switch three-port converters , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[41]  R. Dell Batteries for Electric Vehicles , 1997 .

[42]  John Y. Hung,et al.  Comparative evaluation of sliding mode fuzzy controller and PID controller for a boost converter , 2011 .

[43]  Rong-Jong Wai,et al.  Adaptive Fuzzy-Neural-Network Design for Voltage Tracking Control of a DC–DC Boost Converter , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[44]  Saïd Doubabi,et al.  DSP-Based Implementation of Fuzzy Output Tracking Control for a Boost Converter , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[45]  Li Peng,et al.  A family of cost-efficient non-isaolated single-inductor three-port converters for low power stand-alone renewable power applications , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[46]  N. L. Narasamma,et al.  Design and Analysis of Novel Control Strategy for Battery and Supercapacitor Storage System , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[47]  Issa Batarseh,et al.  An Integrated Four-Port DC/DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[48]  Yang Li,et al.  Technological Developments in Batteries: A Survey of Principal Roles, Types, and Management Needs , 2017, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[49]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[50]  Chok-You Chan,et al.  Development of non-linear controllers for a tri-state boost converter , 2012 .

[51]  Vadim I. Utkin,et al.  Sliding Modes and their Application in Variable Structure Systems , 1978 .

[52]  Chok You Chan Analysis and experimental study of an output feedback controller for a high-order boost dc-dc converter , 2013 .

[53]  Feng Tian,et al.  Tri-Modal Half-Bridge Converter Topology for Three-Port Interface , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[54]  N. Vazquez,et al.  A three port converter for renewable energy applications , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.