Further advances in applying continuum design sensitivity analysis in combination with commercial electromagnetic software to aid design optimization

The paper reports on new developments in the application of Continuum Design Sensitivity Analysis to design optimization. Fast convergence, the ability to use existing electromagnetic software without the need to access source codes and independence of computing times on the number of design variables are the distinctive features of the proposed implementation. The computationally challenging problem of reducing cogging torque in a brushless direct current motor has been selected to illustrate the advantages of the approach in 2D and 3D optimizations.