Effects of electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus on neocortical arousal in the rabbit.

This study sought to determine whether electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACe) produces cholinergically mediated neocortical arousal manifested in the suppression of frontal cortex delta wave (1-4 Hz) activity. Stimulation in both anesthetized and conscious rabbits produced a suppression of delta activity that was accompanied by bradycardia and blocked by cholinergic antagonists. Stimulation of the adjacent putamen did not produce delta suppression, whereas stimulation of the adjacent ventral globus pallidus produced a suppression of shorter duration than that produced by ACe stimulation. The results suggest that the ACe influences neocortical arousal, which may be mediated by its influence on the activity of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis.

[1]  D. Amaral,et al.  The afferent connections of the substantia innominata in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[2]  H H Jasper,et al.  Acetylcholine Liberation from Cerebral Cortex during Paradoxical (REM) Sleep , 1971, Science.

[3]  H. Ursin,et al.  Functional localization within the amygdaloid complex in the cat. , 1960, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[4]  R. Harper,et al.  Cryogenic blockade of the central nucleus of the amygdala attenuates aversively conditioned blood pressure and respiratory responses , 1986, Brain Research.

[5]  Michela Gallagher,et al.  Amygdala central nucleus lesions: Effect on heart rate conditioning in the rabbit , 1979, Physiology & Behavior.

[6]  Joseph E LeDoux,et al.  Intrinsic neurons in the amygdaloid field projected to by the medial geniculate body mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli , 1986, Brain Research.

[7]  R. Dykes,et al.  Transient and prolonged effects of acetylcholine on responsiveness of cat somatosensory cortical neurons. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[8]  J S Schwaber,et al.  Amygdaloid and basal forebrain direct connections with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[9]  M. Gallagher,et al.  Cardiovascular responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the amygdala central nucleus in the rabbit , 1982, Brain Research.

[10]  J. Szerb.  Cortical acetylcholine release and electroencephalographic arousal , 1967, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  Mark D. Underwood,et al.  Autonomic and somatomotor effects of amygdala central N. stimulation in awake rabbits , 1983, Physiology & Behavior.

[12]  B. Roozendaal,et al.  University of Groningen Differential effect of lesioning of the central amygdala on the bradycardiac and behavioral response of the rat in relation to conditioned social and solitary stress , 2017 .

[13]  M. Steriade,et al.  EEG PATTERNS OF AROUSAL AND SLEEP INDUCED BY STIMULATING VARIOUS AMYGDALOID LEVELS IN THE CAT. , 1964, Archives italiennes de biologie.

[14]  R. Miettinen,et al.  Effects of quisqualic acid nucleus basalis lesioning on cortical EEG, passive avoidance and water maze performance , 1990, Brain Research Bulletin.

[15]  M. Davis,et al.  Enhancement of acoustic startle by electrical stimulation of the amygdala. , 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

[16]  V. Longo.  Effects of scopolamine and atropine electroencephalographic and behavioral reactions due to hypothalamic stimulation. , 1956, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[17]  M. Gallagher,et al.  β-adrenergic manipulation in amygdala central n. alters rabbit heart rate conditioning , 1980, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[18]  M. Davis,et al.  A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: anterograde and retrograde tracing studies. , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[19]  Paul J. Whalen,et al.  Amygdaloid contributions to conditioned arousal and sensory information processing. , 1992 .

[20]  A. Levey,et al.  Cholinergic innervation of cortex by the basal forebrain: Cytochemistry and cortical connections of the septal area, diagonal band nuclei, nucleus basalis (Substantia innominata), and hypothalamus in the rhesus monkey , 1983, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[21]  R. Dykes,et al.  The effects of acetylcholine on response properties of cat somatosensory cortical neurons. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  N. Schneiderman,et al.  Correlates of heart-rate classical conditioning in curarized rabbits. , 1967, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[23]  D. Amaral,et al.  An autoradiographic study of the projections of the central nucleus of the monkey amygdala , 1981, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[24]  G. Holstege,et al.  The organization of the bulbar fibre connections to the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal motor nuclei. II. An autoradiographic tracing study in cat. , 1977, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[25]  C. Saper.  Organization of cerebral cortical afferent systems in the rat. II. Magnocellular basal nucleus , 1984, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[26]  Contributions of the amygdaloid central nucleus to the modulation of the nictitating membrane reflex in the rabbit. , 1991 .

[27]  M. Bonvallet,et al.  Amygdala and masseteric reflex. I. Facilitation, inhibition and diphasic modifications of the reflex, induced by localized amygdaloid stimulation. , 1975, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[28]  Joseph E LeDoux,et al.  Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[29]  G. Buzsáki,et al.  Nucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[30]  M. Steriade,et al.  Network modulation of a slow intrinsic oscillation of cat thalamocortical neurons implicated in sleep delta waves: cortically induced synchronization and brainstem cholinergic suppression , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[31]  R. Dykes,et al.  Acetylcholine permits long-term enhancement of neuronal responsiveness in cat primary somatosensory cortex , 1987, Neuroscience.

[32]  M. Gallagher,et al.  Multiple unit activity recorded from amygdala central nucleus during Pavlovian heart rate conditioning in rabbit , 1982, Brain Research.

[33]  Michael Davis,et al.  Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. , 1986, Behavioral neuroscience.

[34]  B. Kapp,et al.  Neuronal activity within the nucleus basalis and conditioned neocortical electroencephalographic activation , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[35]  J S Schwaber,et al.  Distribution and organization of cholinergic neurons in the rat forebrain demonstrated by computer‐aided data acquisition and three‐dimensional reconstruction , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[36]  C. H. Vanderwolf,et al.  Activity of identified cortically projecting and other basal forebrain neurones during large slow waves and cortical activation in anaesthetized rats , 1987, Brain Research.

[37]  A. Wikler,et al.  Pharmacologic Dissociation of Behavior and EEG “Sleep Patterns” in Dogs , 1952, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[38]  D. Jordan,et al.  Cardiovascular and phrenic nerve responses to stimulation of the amygdala central nucleus in the anaesthetized rabbit. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[39]  F. Calaresu,et al.  Cardiovascular responses to chemical and electrical stimulation of amygdala in rats. , 1987, The American journal of physiology.

[40]  E. Grove.  Efferent connections of the substantia innominata in the rat , 1988, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[41]  M. Frotscher,et al.  Organization and synaptic interconnections of GABAergic and cholinergic elements in the rat amygdaloid nuclei: Single‐ and double‐ immunolabeling studies , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[42]  J. Biehl,et al.  Effect of Isoniazid on Vitamin B6 Metabolism; Its Possible Significance in Producing Isoniazid Neuritis.∗ , 1954, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[43]  A. Sillito,et al.  Cholinergic modulation of the functional organization of the cat visual cortex , 1983, Brain Research.

[44]  Michael Davis,et al.  The role of the amygdala in conditioned fear. , 1992 .

[45]  J. Price,et al.  Sources of presumptive glutamatergic/aspartatergic afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain in the rat , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[46]  Joseph E. LeDoux,et al.  Cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus in awake but not anesthetized rats resemble conditioned emotional responses , 1987, Brain Research.

[47]  G. Moruzzi,et al.  Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. , 1949, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[48]  Jeffrey P. Pascoe,et al.  Electrophysiological characteristics of amygdaloid central nucleus neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning in the rabbit , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[49]  M. Cassell,et al.  The amygdala directly innervates adrenergic (C1) neurons in the ventrolateral medulla in the rat , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.