Modeling of a PEM Fuel Cell Stack using Partial Least Squares and Artificial Neural Networks

고분자전해질 연료전지 스택의 성능 및 주요 운전 변수를 예측하기 위해 부분최소자승법과 인공신경망의 두 가지데이터 기반 모델링 기법을 제시한다. 30 kW급 고분자전해질 연료전지 스택 실험으로부터 확보한 데이터를 사용하여부분최소자승 및 인공신경망 모델들을 구성한 후 각 모델의 예측 성능 및 계산 시간을 비교하였다. 모델의 복잡성을 줄이기위해 부분최소자승법에 기초한 VIP(Variable Importance on PLS Projections) 선정기준을 모델링 절차에 포함하여, 초기 입력변수의 집합으로부터 모델링에 필요한 입력변수들을 선정하였다. 모델링 결과, 인공신경망이 스택의 평균 셀전압과 캐소드(cathode) 출구 온도를 예측하는데 있어서, 부분최소자승법 보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. 그러나 부분최소자승법 또한 입력변수와 출력변수 간에 선형적 상관관계만을 모델링 할 수 있음에도 불구하고 비교적 만족할 만한 예측성능을 나타냈다. 모델의 정확도와 계산속도의 요구조건에 따라 두 모델링 기법은 고분자전해질 연료전지의 설계 및운전 분야의 성능 예측, 온라인 및 오프라인 최적화, 제어 및 이상 진단을 위해 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Abstract − We present two data-driven modeling methods, partial least square (PLS) and artificial neural network (ANN),to predict the major operating and performance variables of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack. PLSand ANN models were constructed using the experimental data obtained from the testing of a 30 kW-class PEM fuel cellstack, and then were compared with each other in terms of their prediction and computational performances. To reducethe complexity of the models, we combined a variables importance on PLS projection (VIP) as a variable selectionmethod into the modeling procedure in which the predictor variables are selected from a set of input operation variables.The modeling results showed that the ANN models outperformed the PLS models in predicting the average cell voltageand cathode outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack. However, the PLS models also offered satisfactory prediction per-formances although they can only capture linear correlations between the predictor and output variables. Depending onthe degree of modeling accuracy and speed, both ANN and PLS models can be employed for performance predictions,offline and online optimizations, controls, and fault diagnoses in the field of PEM fuel cell designs and operations. Key words: Fuel Cell, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, Back-box Modeling, Partial Least Squares, Artificial Neural Networks

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