On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US

This note employs US annual data from 1949 to 2006 to compare the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real GDP, respectively. Given the sample size of the study, the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests reveal the absence of Granger-causality between renewable or non-renewable energy consumption and real GDP which supports the neutrality hypothesis.

[1]  J. Kraft,et al.  Relationship between energy and GNP , 1978 .

[2]  Ramazan Sari,et al.  Disaggregate energy consumption and industrial output in the United States , 2007 .

[3]  Arti Prasad,et al.  Electricity consumption-real GDP causality nexus: Evidence from a bootstrapped causality test for 30 OECD countries , 2008 .

[4]  Ramazan Sari,et al.  Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets , 2003 .

[5]  Mark A. Thoma Electrical energy usage over the business cycle , 2004 .

[6]  B. Ewing,et al.  Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States , 2007 .

[7]  Umit Erol,et al.  Spectral analysis of the relationship between energy consumption, employment, and business cycles , 1990 .

[8]  Umit Erol,et al.  Time series analysis of the causal relationships between U.S. energy and employment , 1987 .

[9]  Chien-Chiang Lee,et al.  The causality relationship between energy consumption and GDP in G-11 countries revisited , 2006 .

[10]  B. Cheng An investigation of cointegration and causality between energy consumption and economic growth , 1995 .

[11]  R. Mahadevan,et al.  Energy consumption, economic growth and prices: A reassessment using panel VECM for developed and developing countries , 2007 .

[12]  Reexamination of the causal relationship between energy consumption and gross national product , 1996 .

[13]  J. Squalli Electricity consumption and economic growth: Bounds and causality analyses of OPEC members , 2007 .

[14]  David I. Stern,et al.  Energy and economic growth in the USA: A multivariate approach , 1993 .

[15]  A. R. Lee,et al.  Macroeconomic effects of relative prices, money, and federal spending on the relationship between US energy consumption and employment , 1996 .

[16]  T. V. Long,et al.  Energy and employment: a time-series analysis of the causal relationship , 1979 .

[17]  Eden S. H. Yu,et al.  The relationship between energy and GNP: Further results , 1984 .

[18]  G. D. Nan,et al.  A definition of the gross domestic product-electrification interrelationship , 1994 .

[19]  Theodoros Zachariadis,et al.  Exploring the relationship between energy use and economic growth with bivariate models: New evidence from G-7 countries , 2007 .

[20]  Jang C. Jin,et al.  Cointegration tests of energy consumption, income, and employment , 1992 .

[21]  Jaruwan Chontanawat,et al.  Does energy consumption cause economic growth?: Evidence from a systematic study of over 100 countries , 2008 .

[22]  Hiro Y. Toda,et al.  Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes , 1995 .

[23]  The relationship between energy and employment: A reexamination , 1987 .

[24]  Ramazan Sari,et al.  The relationship between disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in the United States: An ARDL approach , 2008 .

[25]  Ramazan Sari,et al.  Energy consumption and income in G-7 countries , 2006 .

[26]  Energy and employment , 1980 .

[27]  P. Phillips Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression , 1988 .

[28]  David I. Stern,et al.  A multivariate cointegration analysis of the role of energy in the US macroeconomy , 2000 .

[29]  Yong U. Glasure,et al.  Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Employment: Further Evidence , 1995 .

[30]  W. Fuller,et al.  Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root , 1979 .

[31]  Lester C. Hunt,et al.  Causality between Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from 30 OECD and 78 Non-OECD Countries , 2006 .