Optimal Placement of Multiple Interconnected Gateways in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Data collected by sensors often have to be remotely delivered through multi-hop wireless paths to data sinks connected to application servers for information processing. The position of these sinks has a huge impact on the quality of the specific Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Indeed, it may create artificial traffic bottlenecks which affect the energy efficiency and the WSN lifetime. This paper considers a heterogeneous network scenario where wireless sensors deliver data to intermediate gateways geared with a diverse wireless technology and interconnected together and to the sink. An optimization framework based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is developed to locate wireless gateways minimizing the overall installation cost and the energy consumption in the WSN, while accounting for multi-hop coverage between sensors and gateways, and connectivity among wireless gateways. The proposed ILP formulations are solved to optimality for medium-size instances to analyze the quality of the designed networks, and heuristic algorithms are also proposed to tackle large-scale heterogeneous scenarios.

[1]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  Positioning of Base Stations in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[2]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[3]  Raouf Boutaba,et al.  Clustering in WSN with Latency and Energy Consumption Constraints , 2006, Journal of Network and Systems Management.

[4]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Gateway placement for latency and energy efficient data aggregation [wireless sensor networks] , 2004, 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[5]  Y.T. Hou,et al.  On energy provisioning and relay node placement for wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  Intelligent Gateways Placement for Reduced Data Latency in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[7]  Cem Ersoy,et al.  MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[8]  Yanghee Choi,et al.  Optimal Multi-sink Positioning and Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005, ICOIN.

[9]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  An Intelligent Safety-Aware Gateway Relocation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[10]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  A Receiver Oriented MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems.

[11]  Jie Wu,et al.  Energy-efficient coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[12]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  Sink repositioning for enhanced performance in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Comput. Networks.

[13]  M. N. Giriprasad,et al.  ENERGY EFFICIENT COVERAGE PROBLEMS IN WIRELESS Ad Hoc SENSOR NETWORKS , 2011 .

[14]  Milind Dawande,et al.  Energy efficient schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile base stations , 2003, GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489).

[15]  Jianping Pan,et al.  Optimal base-station locations in two-tiered wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[16]  Joseph S. B. Mitchell,et al.  Approximation algorithms for two optimal location problems in sensor networks , 2005, 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks, 2005..

[17]  Brian W. Kernighan,et al.  AMPL: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming , 1993 .

[18]  Edoardo Amaldi,et al.  Coverage planning of Wireless Sensors for mobile target detection , 2008, 2008 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[19]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks , 2003, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03..

[20]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.

[21]  Arunabha Sen,et al.  Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[22]  Andrej Bogdanov,et al.  Power-aware base station positioning for sensor networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.