A review of power converter topologies for wind generators

Wind energy conversion systems have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This is in no small part due to the rapid advances in the size of wind generators as well as the development of power electronics and their applicability in wind energy extraction. This paper provides a comprehensive review of past and present converter topologies applicable to permanent magnet generators, induction generators, synchronous generators and doubly fed induction generators. The many different generator-converter combinations are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency, power consumption and control complexity. The features of each generator-converter configuration are considered in the context of wind turbine systems

[1]  R. Datta,et al.  Direct power control of grid-connected wound rotor induction machine without rotor position sensors , 2001 .

[2]  R. Datta,et al.  Variable-Speed Wind Power Generation Using a Doubly Fed Wound Rotor Induction Machine: A Comparison with Alternative Schemes , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[3]  Muneaki Ishida,et al.  An improvement of performance for small-scaled wind power generating system with permanent magnet type synchronous generator , 2000, 2000 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 21st Century Technologies.

[4]  W. Hofmann,et al.  Optimal active and reactive power control with the doubly-fed induction generator in the MW-class wind-turbines , 2001, 4th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE PEDS 2001 - Indonesia. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8594).

[5]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  Energy-flow direction control of grid-connected IGBT inverters for wind energy extraction , 2000, 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Conference Proceedings. Navigating to a New Era (Cat. No.00TH8492).

[6]  Paul Puleston,et al.  Sliding mode control of wind energy systems with DOIG-power efficiency and torsional dynamics optimization , 2000 .

[7]  R. W. De Doncker,et al.  Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines , 2002 .

[8]  Li Zhang,et al.  Application of a matrix converter for the power control of a variable-speed wind-turbine driving a doubly-fed induction generator , 1997, Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066).

[9]  E. Spooner,et al.  Grid interface options for variable-speed, permanent-magnet generators , 1998 .

[10]  Bimal K. Bose,et al.  Fuzzy logic based intelligent control of a variable speed cage machine wind generation system , 1995 .

[11]  J. Svensson Simulation of power angle controlled voltage source converter using a linear quadratic method in a wind energy application , 1996, 5th IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics.

[12]  B. G. Fernandes,et al.  A simple maximum power point tracker for grid connected variable speed wind energy conversion system with reduced switch count power converters , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..

[13]  S. Grabic,et al.  A comparison and trade-offs between induction generator control options for variable speed wind turbine applications , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2004. IEEE ICIT '04..

[14]  He Yikang,et al.  Investigation of a matrix converter-excited brushless doubly-fed machine wind-power generation system , 2003, The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003..

[15]  E. Spooner,et al.  Current source thyristor inverter and its active compensation system , 2003 .

[16]  J.C. Clare,et al.  Control strategies for voltage control of a boost type PWM converter , 2001, 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37230).

[17]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  A new DC link voltage boost scheme of IGBT inverters for wind energy extraction , 2000, 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Conference Proceedings. Navigating to a New Era (Cat. No.00TH8492).

[18]  I. Schiemenz,et al.  Control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator used in a variable speed wind energy system , 2001, IEMDC 2001. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (Cat. No.01EX485).

[19]  R. Spee,et al.  Wind speed estimation based variable speed wind power generation , 1998, IECON '98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.98CH36200).

[20]  R. Cardenas,et al.  Sensorless vector control of induction machines for variable-speed wind energy applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[21]  K. Tan,et al.  Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[22]  Staffan Norrga,et al.  New topology for more efficient AC/DC converters for future offshore wind farms , 2004 .

[23]  E. Spooner,et al.  Grid Power Quality with Variable-Speed Wind Turbines , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[24]  G. Joos,et al.  A doubly-fed induction machine and energy storage system for wind power generation , 2004, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513).

[25]  M. Y. Uctug,et al.  Modelling and output power optimisation of a wind turbine driven double output induction generator , 1994 .

[26]  Muammer Ermis,et al.  Double-output induction generator operating at subsynchronous and supersynchronous speeds: steady-state performance optimisation and wind-energy recovery , 1992 .

[27]  M. Lafoz,et al.  Guidelines for the design and control of electrical generator systems for new grid connected wind turbine generators , 2002, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 02.

[28]  Wilsun Xu,et al.  Control design and dynamic performance analysis of a wind turbine-induction generator unit , 2000 .

[29]  Jon Clare,et al.  Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation , 1996 .

[30]  A. Koyanagi,et al.  Study on maximum power point tracking of wind turbine generator using a flywheel , 2002, Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579).

[31]  E. Spooner,et al.  Wind turbine power converters: a comparative study , 1998 .

[32]  G. L. Johnson,et al.  Wind energy systems , 1985 .

[33]  Seung-Ho Song,et al.  Implementation and control of grid connected AC-DC-AC power converter for variable speed wind energy conversion system , 2003, Eighteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003. APEC '03..

[34]  Technologies for Integrating Wind Farms to the Grid (interim Report) Executive Summary , .

[35]  V. T. Ranganathan,et al.  A Method of Tracking the Peak Power Points for a Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.