Systematic review: the model for end‐stage liver disease – should it replace Child‐Pugh's classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis?

Background:  Prognosis in cirrhotic patients has had a resurgence of interest because of liver transplantation and new therapies for complications of end‐stage cirrhosis. The model for end‐stage liver disease score is now used for allocation in liver transplantation waiting lists, replacing Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score. However, there is debate as whether it is better in other settings of cirrhosis.

[1]  N. Madias,et al.  Serum creatinine as an index of renal function: new insights into old concepts. , 1992, Clinical chemistry.

[2]  J. Llovet,et al.  Routine tests of renal function, alcoholism, and nutrition improve the prognostic accuracy of Child-Pugh score in nonbleeding advanced cirrhotics. , 1993, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[3]  R. Freeman.  MELD: the holy grail of organ allocation? , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[4]  L. Forman,et al.  Predicting the prognosis of chronic liver disease: An evolution from child to MELD , 2001, Hepatology.

[5]  Charles J. Kahi,et al.  Model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) for predicting mortality in patients with acute variceal bleeding , 2002, Hepatology.

[6]  L. Goldman,et al.  A prognostic model for patients with end-stage liver disease. , 1997, Gastroenterology.

[7]  Rolf Fimmers,et al.  Comparison of MELD, Child-Pugh, and Emory model for the prediction of survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting , 2003, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[8]  V. Arroyo,et al.  Renal failure after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis: Incidence, clinical course, predictive factors, and short‐term prognosis , 2001, Hepatology.

[9]  R. Bataller,et al.  A prognostic model for predicting survival in cirrhosis with ascites. , 2001, Journal of hepatology.

[10]  T M Therneau,et al.  A model to predict survival in patients with end‐stage liver disease , 2001, Hepatology.

[11]  A. Nicolini,et al.  Randomized controlled study of TIPS versus paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites , 2004, Hepatology.

[12]  E. Cholongitas,et al.  MELD vs Child-Pugh and creatinine-modified Child-Pugh score for predicting survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. , 2005, World journal of gastroenterology.

[13]  H. Yoo,et al.  Relationship of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Scale to Hepatic Encephalopathy, as Defined by Electroencephalography and Neuropsychometric Testing, and Ascites , 2003, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[14]  Eric B. Edwards,et al.  MELD and PELD: Application of survival models to liver allocation , 2001, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[15]  A. Burroughs,et al.  Long‐term ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: a follow‐up to 12 years , 2005, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[16]  D. Postoak,et al.  Survival after elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation: prediction with model for end-stage liver disease score. , 2004, Radiology.

[17]  R. Fisher,et al.  Persistent ascites and low serum sodium identify patients with cirrhosis and low MELD scores who are at high risk for early death , 2004, Hepatology.

[18]  D. Angus,et al.  Impact of acute renal failure on mortality in end-stage liver disease with or without transplantation. , 1998, Kidney international.

[19]  M. Rizzetto,et al.  Application of the model for end-stage liver disease score for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites and renal impairment , 2004, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[20]  P. Kamath,et al.  A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts , 2000, Hepatology.

[21]  O. Chazouilleres,et al.  Prothrombin time in liver failure: Time, ratio, activity percentage, or international normalized ratio , 1996, Hepatology.

[22]  C. G. Child,et al.  The liver and portal hypertension , 1964 .

[23]  B. Combes,et al.  Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis , 1997, Seminars in liver disease.

[24]  W. Kremers,et al.  Addition of serum sodium into the MELD score predicts waiting list mortality better than MELD alone , 2005, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[25]  M Peck-Radosavljevic,et al.  Child-Pugh versus MELD score in predicting survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt , 2003, Gut.

[26]  E. Christensen.  Prognostic models including the Child-Pugh, MELD and Mayo risk scores--where are we and where should we go? , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[27]  Peter Bacchetti,et al.  Serum sodium predicts mortality in patients listed for liver transplantation , 2005, Hepatology.

[28]  R. Wiesner,et al.  Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. , 2003, Gastroenterology.

[29]  R. Pugh,et al.  Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices , 1973, The British journal of surgery.

[30]  Adnan Said,et al.  Model for end stage liver disease score predicts mortality across a broad spectrum of liver disease. , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[31]  D. Valla,et al.  Assessment of the prognosis of cirrhosis: Child-Pugh versus MELD. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[32]  Laura Marelli,et al.  Different methods of creatinine measurement significantly affect MELD scores , 2005, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[33]  F. Chang,et al.  Evaluation of the increase in model for end-stage liver disease (DeltaMELD) score over time as a prognostic predictor in patients with advanced cirrhosis: risk factor analysis and comparison with initial MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[34]  A. Nicolini,et al.  MELD score is better than Child-Pugh score in predicting 3-month survival of patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. , 2002, Journal of hepatology.

[35]  M. Kovacs,et al.  Assessment of the Validity of the INR System for Patients with Liver Impairment , 1994, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[36]  M. Riggs,et al.  Utility of the Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in assessing prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis , 2002, BMC gastroenterology.

[37]  J. Trotter,et al.  Specific laboratory methodologies achieve higher model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores for patients listed for liver transplantation , 2004, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[38]  K. Saeian,et al.  MELD Score Does Not Discriminate Against Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy , 2005, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[39]  Evangelos Cholongitas,et al.  MELD is not enough--enough of MELD? , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[40]  N. Chalasani,et al.  Determinants of mortality in patients with advanced cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. , 2000, Gastroenterology.

[41]  D. Fish,et al.  Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[42]  E Testa,et al.  MELD scoring system is useful for predicting prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and is correlated with residual liver function: a European study , 2003, Gut.

[43]  J. Hiatt,et al.  MELD fails to measure quality of life in liver transplant candidates , 2005, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[44]  R. Wiesner,et al.  The new liver allocation system: Moving toward evidence‐based transplantation policy , 2002, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[45]  F. Manguso,et al.  MELD score and hepatocellular carcinoma identify patients at different risk of short-term mortality among cirrhotics bleeding from esophageal varices. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[46]  R. Wiesner,et al.  Results of the first year of the new liver allocation plan , 2004, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[47]  R. Testa,et al.  Can inclusion of serum creatinine values improve the Child–Turcotte–Pugh score and challenge the prognostic yield of the model for end‐stage liver disease score in the short‐term prognostic assessment of cirrhotic patients? * , 2004, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[48]  W. Kim,et al.  MELD accurately predicts mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis , 2005, Hepatology.