ZusammenfassungZIEL: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, den möglichen Einfluss des Wirtschaftswachstums gemessen durch das Bruttoinlandsprodukt auf die Inzidenz von Arbeitsunfällen in Österreich zu untersuchen. METHODIK: Die Beziehung zwischen dem Bruttoinlandsprodukt und Arbeitsunfällen von österreichischen Angestellten wurde zwischen den Jahren 1955 und 2004 mittels eines Fehlerkorrekturmodells analysiert. Im Jahr 1955 bestand die Stichprobe aus 1,568.371 Personen. 2004 umfasste sie 2,656.952 Personen. Die Arbeitsunfälle wurden in Unfälle mit tödlichem und mit nichttödlichem Ausgang unterteilt. RESULTATE: Zwischen 1955 und 2004 sank die Gesamtunfallrate von 8,59% auf 4,08%. Unfälle mit tödlichem Ausgang sanken von 0,03% auf 0,01%. Die Rate der Unfälle ohne tödlichem Ausgang halbierte sich von 8,56% auf 4,07%. Das österreichische Bruttoinlandsprodukt stieg von 37,7 Milliarden Euro auf 202,8 Milliarden Euro (Basis 1995). Die statistische Analyse zeigte, dass steigender Wohlstand deutlich mit sinkenden Arbeitsunfallraten (tödlich und nicht tödlich) assoziiert ist. Dieser Zusammenhang lässt sich einerseits dadurch erklären, dass in Zeiten der Rezession weniger Investitionen in neue und sichere Technologien sowie in den betriebsinternen Arbeitnehmerschutz investiert wird. Andererseits erhöht die Angst vor Arbeitslosigkeit, die in Rezessionsphasen deutlicher ausgeprägt ist, das Unfallrisiko. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Die ökonomische Entwicklung hat Auswirkungen auf die Inzidenz von Arbeitsunfällen. Gerade während Phasen des verlangsamten Wirtschaftswachstums und in Phasen der Rezession sollten die Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Arbeitssicherheit und zur Unfallprävention verstärkt werden.SummaryOBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of economic growth measured by real gross domestic product (GDP) on the incidence of occupational injuries in Austria. METHODS: The relationship between GDP and the occupational injury rate of the wage-earning population between 1955 and 2004 was analyzed using an error correction model. The sample size increased from 1.568,371 persons in 1955 to 2.656,952 in 2004. Occupational injuries were divided into fatal and non-fatal injuries. RESULTS: Occupational injuries (fatal and non-fatal) decreased from 8.59% to 4.08%: non-fatal injuries decreased from 8.56% to 4.07%; fatal injuries decreased from 0.03% to 0.01%. Austrian GDP increased from EUR 37.7 billion to EUR 202.8 billion (base year 1995). Statistical analysis clearly shows that a growing economy is associated with declining injury rates (fatal and non-fatal). Two mechanisms are discussed. Firstly, rising GDP is accompanied by greater investment in safer technologies and occupational safety measures. Secondly, booming economies are associated with a reduced risk of unemployment, which is already known to be a risk factor for occupational injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Economic development appears to have an impact on the incidence of occupational injuries in Austria. Health policy should emphasize the necessity for safety at work particularly in phases of economic slowdown.
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