Engineering applications of biomolecular motors.

Biomolecular motors, in particular motor proteins from the kinesin and myosin families, can be used to explore engineering applications of molecular motors in general. Their outstanding performance enables the experimental study of hybrid systems, where bio-inspired functions such as sensing, actuation, and transport rely on the nanoscale generation of mechanical force. Scaling laws and theoretical studies demonstrate the optimality of biomolecular motor designs and inform the development of synthetic molecular motors.

[1]  V. Vogel,et al.  Molecular shuttles based on motor proteins: active transport in synthetic environments. , 2001, Journal of biotechnology.

[2]  Ying-Ming Huang,et al.  Microfabricated capped channels for biomolecular motor-based transport , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging.

[3]  Henry Hess,et al.  Two-Stage Capture Employing Active Transport Enables Sensitive and Fast Biosensors , 2010, Nano letters.

[4]  Ben L Feringa,et al.  Unidirectional rotary motion in a liquid crystalline environment: Color tuning by a molecular motor , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  Alf Månsson,et al.  Bending flexibility of actin filaments during motor-induced sliding. , 2008, Biophysical journal.

[6]  Gaudenz Danuser,et al.  Myosin II contributes to cell-scale actin network treadmilling via network disassembly , 2010, Nature.

[7]  David S. Goodsell,et al.  Biomolecules and Nanotechnology , 2000 .

[8]  Michael P. Sheetz,et al.  Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility , 1985, Cell.

[9]  M. E. J. Newman,et al.  Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law , 2005 .

[10]  Denis S Loiselle,et al.  The efficiency of muscle contraction. , 2005, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[11]  Frank Jülicher,et al.  Acting on actin: the electric motility assay , 1999, European Biophysics Journal.

[12]  D. Eigler,et al.  Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope , 1990, Nature.

[13]  S. Takeuchi,et al.  Biomolecular-motor-based autonomous delivery of lipid vesicles as nano- or microscale reactors on a chip. , 2010, Lab on a chip.

[14]  D. Nicolau,et al.  Protein Linear Molecular Motor-Powered Nanodevices , 2007 .

[15]  Thorsten Hugel,et al.  From biological towards artificial molecular motors. , 2008, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[16]  Min Jun Kim,et al.  Microfluidic pump powered by self-organizing bacteria. , 2008, Small.

[17]  R. Vale,et al.  The way things move: looking under the hood of molecular motor proteins. , 2000, Science.

[18]  Cees Dekker,et al.  Motor Proteins at Work for Nanotechnology , 2007, Science.

[19]  Ashutosh Agarwal,et al.  A Random Sequential Adsorption Model for Protein Adsorption to Surfaces Functionalized with Poly(ethylene oxide) , 2009 .

[20]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Motor-protein "roundabouts": microtubules moving on kinesin-coated tracks through engineered networks. , 2004, Lab on a chip.

[21]  Jonathan D Posner,et al.  Synthetic nanomotors in microchannel networks: directional microchip motion and controlled manipulation of cargo. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[22]  Mark A. Reed,et al.  Label-free immunodetection with CMOS-compatible semiconducting nanowires , 2007, Nature.

[23]  F. Jülicher,et al.  Modeling molecular motors , 1997 .

[24]  N. Metropolis,et al.  The Monte Carlo method. , 1949 .

[25]  Francesco Zerbetto,et al.  Synthetic molecular motors and mechanical machines. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  Jonathon Howard,et al.  Protein power strokes , 2006, Current Biology.

[27]  S. Dong,et al.  Micro Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors , 2004 .

[28]  Jonathan Leach,et al.  An optically driven pump for microfluidics. , 2006, Lab on a chip.

[29]  Masahiro Kasahara,et al.  Chloroplast avoidance movement reduces photodamage in plants , 2002, Nature.

[30]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Mechanisms of Microtubule Guiding on Microfabricated Kinesin-Coated Surfaces: Chemical and Topographic Surface Patterns , 2003 .

[31]  Li-Jing Cheng,et al.  Biomolecular motor-driven molecular sorter. , 2009, Lab on a chip.

[32]  C. Cohen,et al.  Directed Motion and Cargo Transport Through Propagation of Polymer‐Gel Volume Phase Transitions , 2005 .

[33]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Molecular self-assembly of "nanowires"and "nanospools" using active transport. , 2005, Nano letters.

[34]  Joseph L Bull,et al.  A Theoretical Model of a Molecular-Motor-Powered Pump , 2005, Biomedical microdevices.

[35]  Cees Dekker,et al.  Molecular Sorting by Electrical Steering of Microtubules in Kinesin-Coated Channels , 2006, Science.

[36]  Katsuo Kurabayashi,et al.  Self-contained, biomolecular motor-driven protein sorting and concentrating in an ultrasensitive microfluidic chip. , 2008, Nano letters.

[37]  L. Goldstein,et al.  Axonal transport and Alzheimer's disease. , 2006, Annual review of biochemistry.

[38]  B.A. Parviz,et al.  Self-assembly for microscale and nanoscale packaging: steps toward self-packaging , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging.

[39]  Ashutosh Agarwal,et al.  A smart dust biosensor powered by kinesin motors. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[40]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Molecular shuttles powered by motor proteins: loading and unloading stations for nanocargo integrated into one device. , 2010, Lab on a chip.

[41]  P. Boyer.  The ATP synthase--a splendid molecular machine. , 1997, Annual review of biochemistry.

[42]  Yuanwen Gao,et al.  Small scale effects on the mechanical behaviors of protein microtubules based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. , 2009, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[43]  N. Seeman.  DNA in a material world , 2003, Nature.

[44]  David R. Liu,et al.  Autonomous Multistep Organic Synthesis in a Single Isothermal Solution Mediated by a DNA Walker , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[45]  David Cebon,et al.  Materials Selection in Mechanical Design , 1992 .

[46]  Takahiro Nitta,et al.  Dispersion in active transport by kinesin-powered molecular shuttles. , 2005, Nano letters.

[47]  D. Weitz,et al.  An active biopolymer network controlled by molecular motors , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[48]  N. Kamiya,et al.  Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming , 1981 .

[49]  S. Leibler,et al.  Physical Properties Determining Self-Organization of Motors and Microtubules , 2001, Science.

[50]  Wolfgang Pompe,et al.  Stretching and Transporting DNA Molecules Using Motor Proteins , 2003 .

[51]  K. L. Hanson,et al.  Molecular motors-based micro- and nano-biocomputation devices , 2006 .

[52]  Erik Winfree,et al.  Molecular robots guided by prescriptive landscapes , 2010, Nature.

[53]  M G L van den Heuvel,et al.  Persistence length measurements from stochastic single-microtubule trajectories. , 2007, Nano letters.

[54]  Wim Bras,et al.  Reciprocating power generation in a chemically driven synthetic muscle. , 2006, Nano letters.

[55]  Takahiro Nitta,et al.  Comparing guiding track requirements for myosin- and kinesin-powered molecular shuttles. , 2008, Nano letters.

[56]  T. D. Schneider,et al.  Theory of molecular machines. II. Energy dissipation from molecular machines. , 1991, Journal of theoretical biology.

[57]  Thomas J Hope,et al.  Role of the cytoskeleton in nuclear import. , 2003, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[58]  J. Howard,et al.  Mechanics of Motor Proteins and the Cytoskeleton , 2001 .

[59]  Ashutosh Agarwal,et al.  Millisecond curing time of a molecular adhesive causes velocity-dependent cargo-loading of molecular shuttles. , 2009, Nano letters.

[60]  Jonathon Howard,et al.  Detection of fractional steps in cargo movement by the collective operation of kinesin-1 motors , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[61]  Viola Vogel,et al.  A piconewton forcemeter assembled from microtubules and kinesins , 2002 .

[62]  Erik David Spoerke,et al.  Biomolecular Motor‐Powered Self‐Assembly of Dissipative Nanocomposite Rings , 2008 .

[63]  H. Noji,et al.  A rotary molecular motor that can work at near 100% efficiency. , 2000, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[64]  Yoshihito Osada,et al.  Microtubule bundle formation driven by ATP: the effect of concentrations of kinesin, streptavidin and microtubules , 2010, Nanotechnology.

[65]  S. Mashiko,et al.  Control of actin moving trajectory by patterned poly(methylmethacrylate) tracks. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[66]  C J Barclay,et al.  Inferring crossbridge properties from skeletal muscle energetics. , 2010, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[67]  Huajian Gao,et al.  Persistence Length of Microtubules Based on a Continuum Anisotropic Shell Model , 2010 .

[68]  C. Broeck,et al.  Thermodynamic efficiency at maximum power. , 2005 .

[69]  Chih-Ming Ho,et al.  Linear artificial molecular muscles. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[70]  Petra Schwille,et al.  Synthetic biology of minimal systems , 2009, Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology.

[71]  Henry Hess,et al.  Biomolecular motors at the intersection of nanotechnology and polymer science , 2010 .

[72]  Ryo Yoshida,et al.  Self‐Oscillating Gels Driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction as Novel Smart Materials , 2010, Advanced materials.

[73]  Henry Hess,et al.  3D nanometer tracking of motile microtubules on reflective surfaces. , 2009, Small.

[74]  Younan Xia,et al.  Template-assisted self-assembly: a practical route to complex aggregates of monodispersed colloids with well-defined sizes, shapes, and structures. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[75]  T Kanayama,et al.  Controlling the direction of kinesin-driven microtubule movements along microlithographic tracks. , 2001, Biophysical journal.

[76]  Jörg Opitz,et al.  Parallel manipulation of bifunctional DNA molecules on structured surfaces using kinesin-driven microtubules. , 2006, Small.

[77]  Leonid Ionov,et al.  Protein-resistant polymer coatings based on surface-adsorbed poly(aminoethyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers. , 2010, Biomacromolecules.

[78]  Erwin Frey,et al.  Thermal fluctuations of grafted microtubules provide evidence of a length-dependent persistence length , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[79]  J. Reif,et al.  A unidirectional DNA walker that moves autonomously along a track. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[80]  George Oster,et al.  Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase , 1998, Nature.

[81]  Liedewij Laan,et al.  Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution , 2006, Nature.

[82]  H. Hansma,et al.  Building Programmable Jigsaw Puzzles with RNA , 2004, Science.

[83]  Stefan Diez,et al.  Towards the application of cytoskeletal motor proteins in molecular detection and diagnostic devices. , 2010, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[84]  Mary Elizabeth Williams,et al.  Directing transport of CoFe2O4-functionalized microtubules with magnetic fields. , 2007, Small.

[85]  F. Jülicher,et al.  Energy transduction of isothermal ratchets: generic aspects and specific examples close to and far from equilibrium. , 1999, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[86]  M. Aridor,et al.  Traffic Jams II: An Update of Diseases of Intracellular Transport , 2002, Traffic.

[87]  Gerhard A Blab,et al.  The Tumbleweed: Towards a synthetic protein motor , 2009, HFSP journal.

[88]  Ashutosh Agarwal,et al.  Quantifying the Performance of Protein‐Resisting Surfaces at Ultra‐Low Protein Coverages using Kinesin Motor Proteins as Probes , 2007 .

[89]  James H Marden,et al.  Molecules, muscles, and machines: Universal performance characteristics of motors , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[90]  J. Howard,et al.  Kinesin Takes One 8-nm Step for Each ATP That It Hydrolyzes* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[91]  Ernest F. Hasselbrink,et al.  Biomolecular motor-driven microtubule translocation in the presence of shear flow: analysis of redirection behaviours , 2007 .

[92]  Satoshi Hiyama,et al.  Molecular communication: Harnessing biochemical materials to engineer biomimetic communication systems , 2010, Nano Commun. Networks.

[93]  J. Schnur,et al.  Lipid Tubules: A Paradigm for Molecularly Engineered Structures , 1993, Science.

[94]  Shu Chien,et al.  Biochemistry and biomechanics of cell motility. , 2005, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[95]  Anne Houdusse,et al.  Structural and functional insights into the Myosin motor mechanism. , 2010, Annual review of biophysics.

[96]  Harry M. T. Choi,et al.  Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways , 2008, Nature.

[97]  Peixuan Guo,et al.  Construction of Bacteriophage Phi29 DNA Packaging Motor and its Applications in Nanotechnology and Therapy , 2009, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[98]  Steven M Block,et al.  Kinesin motor mechanics: binding, stepping, tracking, gating, and limping. , 2007, Biophysical journal.

[99]  Holy,et al.  "Gliding assays" for motor proteins: A theoretical analysis. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[100]  J. Howard,et al.  Molecular motors: structural adaptations to cellular functions , 1997, Nature.

[101]  T. D. Schneider,et al.  70% efficiency of bistate molecular machines explained by information theory, high dimensional geometry and evolutionary convergence , 2010, Nucleic acids research.

[102]  Roland Stracke,et al.  Motor protein-driven unidirectional transport of micrometer-sized cargoes across isopolar microtubule arrays , 2001 .

[103]  Drexler Ke,et al.  Molecular engineering: An approach to the development of general capabilities for molecular manipulation. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[104]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Harnessing biological motors to engineer systems for nanoscale transport and assembly. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[105]  Mark J. Schnitzer,et al.  Single kinesin molecules studied with a molecular force clamp , 1999, Nature.

[106]  Wei Lu,et al.  Effect of mechanical load on the shuttling operation of molecular muscles , 2009 .

[107]  Udo Seifert,et al.  Efficiency of molecular motors at maximum power , 2008, 0801.3743.

[108]  H. Craighead,et al.  Powering an inorganic nanodevice with a biomolecular motor. , 2000, Science.

[109]  Takahiro Nitta,et al.  In silico design and testing of guiding tracks for molecular shuttles powered by kinesin motors. , 2010, Lab on a chip.

[110]  Yang Wang,et al.  Catalytically induced electrokinetics for motors and micropumps. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[111]  Mark J. Miller,et al.  Autonomous T cell trafficking examined in vivo with intravital two-photon microscopy , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[112]  Viola Vogel,et al.  "Smart dust" biosensors powered by biomolecular motors. , 2009, Lab on a chip.

[113]  Henry Hess,et al.  A Biomimetic, Self‐Pumping Membrane , 2010, Advanced materials.

[114]  C. Thaler,et al.  Regulation of organelle transport: Lessons from color change in fish , 1994 .

[115]  Takahiro Nitta,et al.  Simulating molecular shuttle movements: towards computer-aided design of nanoscale transport systems. , 2006, Lab on a chip.

[116]  Li Zhang,et al.  Artificial bacterial flagella for micromanipulation. , 2010, Lab on a chip.

[117]  Shuguang Zhang.  Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly , 2003, Nature Biotechnology.

[118]  Reinhard Lipowsky,et al.  Molecular motor traffic: From biological nanomachines to macroscopic transport , 2006 .

[119]  Yuen A. Lau,et al.  Mechanised nanoparticles for drug delivery. , 2009, Nanoscale.

[120]  Viola Vogel,et al.  Surface Imaging by Self-propelled Nanoscale Probes , 2002, Microscopy and Microanalysis.

[121]  Xin Wen,et al.  Molecular motors as drug delivery vehicles. , 2005, Drug discovery today. Technologies.

[122]  N. Hirokawa,et al.  Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. , 1998, Science.

[123]  T. Mitchison,et al.  Myosin is involved in postmitotic cell spreading , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[124]  Henry Hess,et al.  Self-assembly driven by molecular motors. , 2006, Soft matter.