X Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy for the study of polymer dynamics

Abstract X Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy, XPCS, is a novel technique developed for the study of slow dynamics in condensed matter. The principle of this technique is based on the time variations of the speckle pattern originated by the scattering of coherent light from a material with spatial inhomogeneities. Although laser photon correlation spectroscopy was long established, XPCS has only been possible with the advent of new synchrotron radiation X-ray sources that can provide sufficient coherent flux. The results from these techniques and future perspectives in the field of polymer science are discussed here.

[1]  N. Hadjichristidis,et al.  Dynamic Structure Factor of Diblock Copolymers in the Ordering Regime , 1997 .

[2]  S. Marchesini,et al.  Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics , 2008 .

[3]  J. Colmenero,et al.  Recent progress on polymer dynamics by neutron scattering: From simple polymers to complex materials , 2013 .

[4]  G. Ruocco,et al.  Structural and microscopic relaxations in a colloidal glass. , 2015, Soft matter.

[5]  Segrè,et al.  Scaling of the Dynamic Scattering Function of Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[6]  Amish J. Patel,et al.  Dynamic Signatures of Microphase Separation in a Block Copolymer Melt Determined by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Rheology , 2010 .

[7]  B. Chu,et al.  Characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) during the thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate , 1984 .

[8]  Y. Amemiya,et al.  X-ray irradiation induces local rearrangement of silica particles in swollen rubber. , 2015, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[9]  G. Fytas,et al.  Diffusive composition pattern relaxation in disordered diblock copolymer melts , 1993 .

[10]  R. Perzynski,et al.  Field induced anisotropic cooperativity in a magnetic colloidal glass. , 2015, Soft matter.

[11]  L. Lurio,et al.  Reduced viscosity of the free surface in entangled polymer melt films. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[12]  Semenov,et al.  Thermodynamic Effects on Internal Relaxation in Diblock Copolymers. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[13]  Robert Walgate,et al.  Synchrotron radiation , 1984, Nature.

[14]  Paweł Kwaśniewski,et al.  Anomalous dynamics at the hard-sphere glass transition. , 2014, Soft matter.

[15]  Evolution of particle-scale dynamics in an aging clay suspension. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[16]  Yuriy Chushkin,et al.  Dynamics of nanoparticles in a supercooled liquid. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[17]  Andrew Schofield,et al.  Slow dynamics and aging in colloidal gels studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. , 2007, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[18]  Zhang Jiang,et al.  Evidence for viscoelastic effects in surface capillary waves of molten polymer films. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[19]  Amish J. Patel,et al.  Relationship between structural and stress relaxation in a block-copolymer melt. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[20]  K. László,et al.  X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy of Dynamics in Thermosensitive Gels , 2007 .

[21]  A. Semenov,et al.  Diffusive relaxation mode in diblock copolymer melts , 1994 .

[22]  Vogt,et al.  Breathing and composition pattern relaxation in "homogeneous" diblock copolymers. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[23]  Shih-fan Wang,et al.  Anomalous surface relaxations of branched-polymer melts. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[24]  O. Shpyrko,et al.  Capillary wave dynamics of thin polymer films over submerged nanostructures. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[25]  M. Borland Progress Toward an Ultimate Storage Ring Light Source , 2013 .

[26]  G. B. Stephenson,et al.  Observation of speckle by diffraction with coherent X-rays , 1991, Nature.

[27]  Roberto Cerbino,et al.  New trends in light scattering , 2007 .

[28]  J. Basu,et al.  Anomalous Viscosity Reduction and Hydrodynamic Interactions of Polymeric Nanocolloids in Polymers , 2015 .

[29]  S. Mochrie,et al.  Crossover from stretched to compressed exponential relaxations in a polymer-based sponge phase. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[30]  Amish J. Patel,et al.  Condensed exponential correlation functions in multicomponent polymer blends measured by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy , 2006 .

[31]  Y. Chushkin,et al.  Silica nanoparticles as tracers of the gelation dynamics of a natural biopolymer physical gel. , 2014, Soft matter.

[32]  G. Grübel,et al.  Structure and Dynamics of Surfactant-Stabilized Aggregates of Palladium Nanoparticles under Dilute and Semidilute Conditions: Static and Dynamic X-ray Scattering , 1999 .

[33]  R. Pecora Dynamic Light Scattering , 1985 .

[34]  C. Gutt,et al.  Capillary waves at the transition from propagating to overdamped behavior. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[35]  G. Grübel,et al.  Dynamics and correlations in magnetic colloidal systems studied by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy , 2001 .

[36]  M A Borthwick,et al.  Absence of scaling for the intermediate scattering function of a hard-sphere suspension: static and dynamic x-ray scattering from concentrated polystyrene latex spheres. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[37]  L. Lurio,et al.  X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Studies of Surfaces and Thin Films , 2014, Advanced materials.

[38]  N. Hadjichristidis,et al.  Local and global chain dynamics in diblock copolymer melts , 1993 .

[39]  Meier,et al.  Photon Correlation Spectroscopy of Colloidal Palladium Using a Coherent X-Ray Beam. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[40]  S. Mochrie,et al.  Synchrotron radiation studies of the dynamics of polymer films , 2004 .

[41]  A. Nogales,et al.  Relaxation processes in a lower disorder order transition diblock copolymer. , 2015, The Journal of chemical physics.

[42]  A. Nogales,et al.  Slow dynamics of nanocomposite polymer aerogels as revealed by X-ray photocorrelation spectroscopy (XPCS). , 2014, The Journal of chemical physics.

[43]  Y. Amemiya,et al.  Microscopic Observation of Aging of Silica Particles in Unvulcanized Rubber , 2010 .

[44]  K. Schätzel,et al.  Suppression of Multiple Scattering by Photon Cross-correlation Techniques , 1991 .

[45]  C. Gutt,et al.  Correlated heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming polymers. , 2015, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[46]  Simon G. J. Mochrie,et al.  Dynamics of Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions Probed by X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy , 1998 .

[47]  H. G. Schild Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): experiment, theory and application , 1992 .

[48]  T. Salditt,et al.  Dynamics of bulk fluctuations in a lamellar phase studied by coherent x-ray scattering. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[49]  Marcin Sikorski,et al.  Demonstration of Feasibility of X-Ray Free Electron Laser Studies of Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Entangled Polymer Melts , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[50]  H. Graafsma,et al.  Connecting structure, dynamics and viscosity in sheared soft colloidal liquids: a medley of anisotropic fluctuations. , 2016, Soft matter.

[51]  S. Mochrie,et al.  Equilibrium dynamics in the nondiffusive regime of an entangled polymer blend. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[52]  Ian W. Hamley,et al.  Small-angle scattering of block copolymers: in the melt, solution and crystal states , 2004 .

[53]  B. Ocko,et al.  Dynamics and critical damping of capillary waves in an ionic liquid. , 2008, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[54]  Fleming,et al.  X-Ray photon correlation spectroscopy study of Brownian motion of gold colloids in glycerol. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[55]  J. Koenig Chapter 9 – Applications of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy to polymers , 1999 .

[56]  Deswelling kinetics of PNIPA gels , 2010 .

[57]  F. Pfeiffer,et al.  Coherent x-ray scattering , 2005 .

[58]  Suresh Narayanan,et al.  Entanglement effects in capillary waves on liquid polymer films. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[59]  J. Koenig Chapter 5 – Raman spectroscopy of polymers , 1999 .

[60]  I. Dolbnya,et al.  Surface and bulk elasticity determined fluctuation regimes in smectic membranes. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[61]  B. Chu,et al.  AN X-RAY PHOTON-CORRELATION EXPERIMENT , 1995 .

[62]  Suresh Narayanan,et al.  Observation of a low-viscosity interface between immiscible polymer layers. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[63]  L. Hove Correlations in Space and Time and Born Approximation Scattering in Systems of Interacting Particles , 1954 .

[64]  G. Grübel,et al.  Structure and dynamics of electrostatically interacting magnetic nanoparticles in suspension. , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[65]  M A Borthwick,et al.  Fluctuation dynamics of block copolymer vesicles. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[66]  T. Kotaka,et al.  Dynamics of composition fluctuations in diblock copolymer solutions far from and near to the ordering transition , 1994 .

[67]  M. Sutton,et al.  XPCS Investigation of the Dynamics of Filler Particles in Stretched Filled Elastomers. , 2012 .

[68]  Gerhard Grübel,et al.  Capillary waves in slow motion , 2001 .

[69]  G. Ruocco,et al.  Glass–glass transition during aging of a colloidal clay , 2014, Nature Communications.

[70]  D. Gillespie,et al.  Dynamic Light Scattering , 1985 .

[71]  G. Grübel,et al.  Photon correlation spectroscopy with high-energy coherent x rays. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[72]  S. Narayanan,et al.  Modulus, confinement, and temperature effects on surface capillary wave dynamics in bilayer polymer films near the glass transition. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[73]  G. Bryant,et al.  Dynamics of hard sphere suspensions using dynamic light scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy: dynamics and scaling of the intermediate scattering function. , 2010, The Journal of chemical physics.

[74]  Mark Sutton,et al.  Nanoparticle motion within glassy polymer melts. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[75]  A. Nogales,et al.  Deswelling of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Derived Hydrogels and Their Nanocomposites with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles As Revealed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy , 2015 .

[76]  Eduardo Guzmán,et al.  2D dynamical arrest transition in a mixed nanoparticle-phospholipid layer studied in real and momentum spaces , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[77]  Gerhard Grübel,et al.  Dynamics of Block Copolymer Micelles Revealed by X-Ray Intensity Fluctuation Spectroscopy , 1997 .