Comprehensive surface analysis of hydrophobically functionalized SFM tips

Tip-sample interactions have been of interest since the early development of the scanning force microscope. Investigations of interfacial interactions at the molecular level are of importance for fundamental studies of bi-molecular interactions and for possible applications in biomedical research and industrial settings. By engineering the surface chemical properties of the SFM probes, specific force interactions may be measured. However, as these modification schemes become more widely applied, detailed chemical analysis of the modified cantilever surfaces becomes crucial. In this paper, we describe two approaches to coat SFM cantilevers with hydrophobic coatings: a silanization protocol and ratio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

[1]  T. Nakagawa,et al.  Discriminating Molecular Length of Chemically Adsorbed Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope Having a Tip Covered with Sensor Molecules (An Atomic Force Microscope Having Chemical Sensing Function) , 1993 .

[2]  B D Ratner,et al.  Direct measurement of hydrogen bonding in DNA nucleotide bases by atomic force microscopy. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  W. Stickle,et al.  Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy , 1992 .

[4]  B. Ratner,et al.  Glow discharge plasma deposited hexafluoropropylene films: surface chemistry and interfacial materials properties , 1999 .

[5]  H. Cohen,et al.  Monolayer Damage in XPS Measurements As Evaluated by Independent Methods , 1997 .

[6]  H. Knapp,et al.  Atomic force microscope measurements and manipulation of Langmuir-Blodgett films with modified tips. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[7]  Georges Hadziioannou,et al.  Scanning Force Microscopy with Chemical Specificity: An Extensive Study of Chemically Specific Tip−Surface Interactions and the Chemical Imaging of Surface Functional Groups , 1997 .

[8]  Charles M. Lieber,et al.  Chemical Force Microscopy: Exploiting Chemically-Modified Tips To Quantify Adhesion, Friction, and Functional Group Distributions in Molecular Assemblies , 1995 .

[9]  Atomic force microscope for chemical sensing , 1994 .

[10]  V. Hlady,et al.  Reflection interference contrast microscopy combined with scanning force microscopy verifies the nature of protein-ligand interaction force measurements. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[11]  G. Hadziioannou,et al.  Surface Chemical Reactions Probed with Scanning Force Microscopy , 1997 .

[12]  David A. Kidwell,et al.  Sensing Discrete Streptavidin-Biotin Interactions with Atomic Force Microscopy , 1994 .

[13]  P. Hansma,et al.  A nondestructive method for determining the spring constant of cantilevers for scanning force microscopy , 1993 .

[14]  C. Tripp,et al.  Reaction of Methylsilanols with Hydrated Silica Surfaces: The Hydrolysis of Trichloro-, Dichloro-, and Monochloromethylsilanes and the Effects of Curing , 1995 .

[15]  J. Bechhoefer,et al.  Calibration of atomic‐force microscope tips , 1993 .

[16]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[17]  T. Boland,et al.  Surface chemical composition and fibrinogen adsorption-retention of fluoropolymer films deposited from an RF glow discharge , 1996 .

[18]  Gil U. Lee,et al.  Direct measurement of the forces between complementary strands of DNA. , 1994, Science.

[19]  Charles M. Lieber,et al.  Force Titrations and Ionization State Sensitive Imaging of Functional Groups in Aqueous Solutions by Chemical Force Microscopy , 1997 .

[20]  Ernst Meyer,et al.  Nanoscience: Friction and Rheology on the Nanometer Scale , 1996 .

[21]  Gerd Binnig,et al.  Atomic Resolution with Atomic Force Microscope , 1987 .

[22]  L. Bourdieu,et al.  How Are the Wetting Properties of Silanated Surfaces Affected by Their Structure? An Atomic-Force Microscopy Study , 1992 .

[23]  H. Gaub,et al.  Adhesion forces between individual ligand-receptor pairs. , 1994, Science.

[24]  Jan Greve,et al.  Adhesion force imaging in air and liquid by adhesion mode atomic force microscopy , 1994 .

[25]  M. Y. Leitane Intermolecular surface forces of adsorptive interaction in a plane densely packed hexagonal model , 1979 .

[26]  B. Ratner,et al.  Plasma‐deposited polymer coatings for scanning tunneling microscope tips , 1992 .

[27]  B. Ratner,et al.  The engineering of biomaterials exhibiting recognition and specificity , 1996, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[28]  Carl P. Tripp,et al.  Alkylchlorosilane reactions at the silica surface , 1995 .

[29]  H. Butt,et al.  Deposition of Organic Material by the Tip of a Scanning Force Microscope , 1995 .

[30]  Xu,et al.  "Dip-Pen" nanolithography , 1999, Science.