A compact CRLH metamaterial with wide band negative index characteristics

Metamaterials are the artificial materials that may have a negative refractive index and results in extraordinary properties which are not found in nature. This research focusses on designing a compact-sized artificial material for negative characteristics of permittivity, permeability and refractive index over the wide range of frequencies. The metamaterial design is evaluated for single negative, double negative and double positive behaviours over a broad range of frequencies to investigate the gap and gapless transitions from backward to forward wave propagation. The dispersion diagram of the material is also investigated for left or right hand behaviour of the material. The equivalent circuit diagrams along with circuit simulations of the parameters are also presented for detailed analysis and understanding. The designed metamaterial behaves like a double negative material for low frequencies and double positive material for high frequencies. The approach is verified using CST microwave studio simulation and the results obtained are validated using the rectangular waveguide measurement method.

[1]  V. Veselago.  The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ∊ and μ , 1968 .

[2]  A. M. Nicolson,et al.  Measurement of the Intrinsic Properties of Materials by Time-Domain Techniques , 1970 .

[3]  W. Weir.  Automatic measurement of complex dielectric constant and permeability at microwave frequencies , 1974 .

[4]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity , 2000, Physical review letters.

[5]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[6]  Tatsuo Itoh,et al.  Full-wave verification of the fundamental properties of left-handed materials in waveguide configurations , 2001 .

[7]  T. Itoh,et al.  Transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[8]  Tatsuo Itoh,et al.  Lossy transmission line metamaterials , 2004 .

[9]  T. Itoh,et al.  Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission lines , 2004, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[10]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[11]  T. Itoh,et al.  A novel composite right-/left-handed coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[12]  T. Itoh,et al.  Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials , 2004, IEEE Microwave Magazine.

[13]  V. Boria,et al.  Design and experimental verification of backward-wave propagation in periodic waveguide structures , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[14]  L. Markley,et al.  A Negative-Refractive-Index Metamaterial for Incident Plane Waves of Arbitrary Polarization , 2007, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[15]  J. Bonache,et al.  Broadband Resonant-Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines , 2007, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[16]  D. Segovia-Vargas,et al.  Low-Cost Approach Based on an Eigenfrequency Method to Obtain the Dispersion Diagram in CRLH Structures , 2007, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[17]  Christophe Caloz,et al.  Study and realisation of dual-composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguide metamaterial in MMIC technology , 2008 .

[18]  G. Eleftheriades.  EM transmission-line metamaterials , 2009 .

[19]  Fabio Urbani,et al.  Experimental Analysis of Novel Single-Sided Left-Handed Metamaterial , 2010, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[20]  E. Li,et al.  A Unique Extraction of Metamaterial Parameters Based on Kramers–Kronig Relationship , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[21]  Per-Simon Kildal,et al.  Dispersion Characteristics of a Metamaterial-Based Parallel-Plate Ridge Gap Waveguide Realized by Bed of Nails , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[22]  K. Forooraghi,et al.  A Wideband Uniplanar Polarization Independent Left-Handed Metamaterial , 2011, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[23]  Filippo Costa,et al.  Tunable High-Impedance Surface With a Reduced Number of Varactors , 2011, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[24]  R. Shavit,et al.  Constitutive parameter extraction and experimental validation of single and double negative metamaterials , 2011 .

[25]  Negative Refractive Index at the Third-Order Resonance of Flower-Shaped Metamaterial , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  N. Kantartzis,et al.  Compact Double-Negative Metamaterials Based on Electric and Magnetic Resonators , 2012, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[27]  M. Mahdy,et al.  Reduced and conventional size multi-band circular patch antennas loaded with metamaterials , 2013 .

[28]  Guang-Ming Wang,et al.  Analysis and Design of Novel 2-D Transmission-Line Metamaterial and Its Application to Compact Dual-Band Antenna , 2014, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[29]  Z. Popović,et al.  Effective Constitutive Parameters of High-Temperature Superconducting Split-Ring Resonator Arrays , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[30]  R. Rani,et al.  Metamaterials and Their Applications in Patch Antenna: A Review , 2015 .

[31]  Andrew J. Gallant,et al.  Free-Space Permittivity Measurement at Terahertz Frequencies With a Vector Network Analyzer , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology.

[32]  J. Qi,et al.  Removing Fabry-Pérot artifacts for electromagnetic homogenization of lossless and lossy dielectric composite based on scattering parameters , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[33]  C. Sabah,et al.  Wideband Negative Permittivity and Double Negative Fishnet-Mushroom-Like Metamaterial in X-Band Waveguide , 2017 .

[34]  Mohammad Hossein Shams,et al.  Wideband Nondestructive Measurement of Complex Permittivity and Permeability Using Coupled Coaxial Probes , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[35]  Kanwar Preet Kaur,et al.  Wide-angle and polarisation-independent tri-band dual-layer microwave metamaterial absorber , 2018 .

[36]  B.T.P. Madhav,et al.  Metamaterial inspired quad band circularly polarized antenna for WLAN/ISM/Bluetooth/WiMAX and satellite communication applications , 2018, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications.

[37]  Harbinder Singh,et al.  Thickness invariant parameter retrieval techniques for permittivity and permeability measurement , 2018, Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy.

[38]  Zhirun Hu,et al.  Composite right/left-handed based compact and high gain leaky-wave antenna using complementary spiral resonator on HMSIW for Ku band applications , 2018 .

[39]  Feiyun Zhang,et al.  A new method of fabricating single negative metamaterials based on coplanar waveguide , 2018, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.

[40]  The Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Resonance Characteristics of Acoustic Metamaterials with Negative Effective Modulus , 2018 .

[41]  M. Karaaslan,et al.  Metamaterial-based high efficiency portable sensor application for determining branded and unbranded fuel oil , 2018, Bulletin of Materials Science.