Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance

The formation of nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine not only explains the biological properties of the so-called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) but also accounts for the stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase in a number of tissues such as the platelet and the brain. Furthermore, NO is a cytotoxic factor released by murine macrophages and other cells following immunological activation. Nitric oxide is synthesized by an enzyme, the NO synthase, of which two types have been identified. One type is constitutive and is responsible for the release of NO for physiological transduction purposes, while the other is induced by cytokines and releases NO as part of the immunological response.

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