Assessing Exposures to Particulate Matter and Manganese in Welding Fumes

................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Section 1: History of welding............................................. 1 Section 2: Welding processes............................................. 2 Section 3: Health hazards in welding..................................... 3 Section 4: Manganese and welding....................................... 4 Section 5: Work in this dissertation....................................... 5 References................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Application of mixed models to assess welding exposures to total particulate matter and manganese Section 1: Introduction..................................................... 8 Section 2: Methods......................................................... 8 Section 2.1: Data compilation............................................. 8 Section 2.2: Statistical modeling.......................................... 9 Section 3: Results........................................................... 11 Section 3.1: Descriptive analysis......................................... 11 Section 3.2: Statistical modeling.......................................... 12 Section 4: Discussion...................................................... 13 Section 4.1: Exposure determinants...................................... 13 Section 4.2: Exposure levels............................................... 14 Section 4.3: Controlling exposures to welding fumes.................. 15 References................................................................... 16 Figures........................................................................ 18 Tables........................................................................ 19 Chapter 3: Mapping particulate matter at the body weld department in an automobile assembly plant Section 1: Introduction..................................................... 33