Air-stable CsPb1−xBixBr3 (0 ≤ x ≪ 1) perovskite crystals: optoelectronic and photostriction properties

The growth of single crystals allows a more accurate and reliable study of the intrinsic electrical and optical properties of halide perovskite materials. However, all-inorganic halide perovskite single crystals are difficult to prepare due to the poor solubility of the reactant precursors. In this paper, we report a series of air-stable Cs-based halide perovskite single crystals, CsPbBr3 and CsPb1−xBixBr3 (x ≪ 1), prepared via a modified antisolvent vapour-assisted crystallization method. The Cs-based halide perovskites exhibited low trap density and high carrier mobility that are comparable to those of organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials. Most importantly, the Bi-doped CsPb1−xBixBr3 perovskites also indicated excellent light absorption (covering the entire visible wavelength) and photostriction (effective photostriction of about 8 × 10−4) performances, which greatly expands the optoelectronic and optomechanical applications of these inorganic halide perovskite materials.

[1]  T. Figielski,et al.  Photostriction Effect in Germanium , 1961, 1961.

[2]  R. Bube Trap Density Determination by Space‐Charge‐Limited Currents , 1962 .

[3]  Y. Shindo,et al.  Strain Along c Axis of SbSI Caused by Illumination in dc Electric Field , 1966 .

[4]  H. Gatos,et al.  Photomechanical vibration of thin crystals of polar semiconductors , 1974 .

[5]  J. Treusch,et al.  Optical properties and electronic structure of CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 , 1978 .

[6]  R. Colella,et al.  Photostriction effect in silicon observed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction , 1991 .

[7]  Ashtosh Ganjoo,et al.  Photoinduced structural changes in obliquely deposited As- and Ge-based amorphous chalcogenides: correlation between changes in thickness and band gap , 1998 .

[8]  Tomoyuki Ishikawa,et al.  Rapid and reversible shape changes of molecular crystals on photoirradiation , 2007, Nature.

[9]  Tsutomu Miyasaka,et al.  Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  D. Kundys,et al.  Light-induced size changes in BiFeO3 crystals. , 2010, Nature materials.

[11]  Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten,et al.  Ultrafast photovoltaic response in ferroelectric nanolayers. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[12]  C. Meny,et al.  Wavelength dependence of photoinduced deformation in BiFeO_ {3} , 2012 .

[13]  Nam-Gyu Park,et al.  Organometal Perovskite Light Absorbers Toward a 20% Efficiency Low-Cost Solid-State Mesoscopic Solar Cell , 2013 .

[14]  Zhifu Liu,et al.  Crystal Growth of the Perovskite Semiconductor CsPbBr3: A New Material for High-Energy Radiation Detection , 2013 .

[15]  H. Snaith Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells , 2013 .

[16]  Felix Deschler,et al.  Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. , 2014, Nature nanotechnology.

[17]  H. Wen,et al.  Localized excited charge carriers generate ultrafast inhomogeneous strain in the multiferroic BiFeO3. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[18]  Franco Cacialli,et al.  Inorganic caesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells , 2015 .

[19]  Qingfeng Dong,et al.  Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals , 2015, Science.

[20]  Kan Wang,et al.  Lead Replacement in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites , 2015 .

[21]  Christopher H. Hendon,et al.  Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut , 2015, Nano letters.

[22]  David Cahen,et al.  How Important Is the Organic Part of Lead Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells? Efficient CsPbBr3 Cells. , 2015, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[23]  B. Kundys Photostrictive materials , 2015 .

[24]  Yi Yu,et al.  Solution-Phase Synthesis of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[25]  E. Sargent,et al.  Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals , 2015, Science.

[26]  X. Ren,et al.  Two‐Inch‐Sized Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Crystals: Growth and Characterization , 2015, Advanced materials.

[27]  Wei Chen,et al.  Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers , 2015, Science.

[28]  Alain Goriely,et al.  High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization , 2015, Nature Communications.

[29]  X. Ren,et al.  20‐mm‐Large Single‐Crystalline Formamidinium‐Perovskite Wafer for Mass Production of Integrated Photodetectors , 2016 .

[30]  T. Zhai,et al.  Crystal organometal halide perovskites with promising optoelectronic applications , 2016 .

[31]  L. You,et al.  Giant photostriction in organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites , 2016, Nature Communications.

[32]  S. Zakeeruddin,et al.  A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells , 2016, Science.

[33]  Anders Hagfeldt,et al.  Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5ee03874j Click here for additional data file. , 2016, Energy & environmental science.

[34]  L. Bellaiche,et al.  Photostriction in Ferroelectrics from Density Functional Theory. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[35]  Gang Li,et al.  Single Crystal Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPbI3): Insight into the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties , 2016, Advanced materials.

[36]  Oleksandr Voznyy,et al.  Heterovalent Dopant Incorporation for Bandgap and Type Engineering of Perovskite Crystals. , 2016, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[37]  Bernd Rech,et al.  A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells , 2016, Science.

[38]  Manas R. Parida,et al.  Engineering Interfacial Charge Transfer in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals by Heterovalent Doping. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  Qingsong Shan,et al.  50‐Fold EQE Improvement up to 6.27% of Solution‐Processed All‐Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3 QLEDs via Surface Ligand Density Control , 2017, Advanced materials.

[40]  H. Zeng,et al.  A Ternary Solvent Method for Large-Sized Two-Dimensional Perovskites. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.