Interactions of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root-knot nematode, and phosphorus fertilization on soybean

Maximum growth and yield occurred at P fertilization rates of 50-150 μg/g, regardless of whether plants were uninoculated or were inoculated with Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicatum, or M. incognita or coinoculated with either endophyte and the nematode. Growth and yield were stimulated by mycorrhizae at the lowest P rate. M. incognita had no effect on root colonization by VAM fungi, but at the lowest P rates, the nematode stimulated sporulation by G. margarita and suppressed sporulation by G. etunicatum