Quantum logic gates with neutral atoms in an optical lattice

Quantum logic gates require qubits that can interact strongly with each other and with external fields while minimizing unwanted coupling to the decohering environment. Neutral atoms trapped in a far-off resonance optical lattice satisfy these criteria. The adjustable parameters of the lattice (e.g., laser polarization, frequency, intensity) allow one to design interactions for which atoms interact strongly via dipole-dipole interactions during logical interactions but otherwise are isolated from each other and the environment. Dissipation arising from spontaneous photon scattering can be suppressed to an arbitrary degree given sufficient laser power and large detuning from atomic resonance. Thus, by bringing two atoms in close proximity, one can simultaneously achieve strong coherent coupling with small photon scattering rates.