Controlled Duplication Scheduling of Real-Time Precedence Tasks on Heterogeneous Multiprocessors

Duplication based heuristics have been widely utilized for scheduling communication intensive, precedence constrained tasks on multiple processors. Duplicating the predecessor of a task on the processor to which the task is assigned can result in the minimization of the communication cost. This helps in reducing the schedule length. However, this reduction comes at the cost of extra computing power required to duplicate the tasks. We have tried to address this trade-off in this paper. We propose “controlled” duplication algorithms for scheduling real-time periodic tasks with end-to-end deadlines on heterogeneous multiprocessors. We observe that whether to duplicate tasks or not is decided by the task deadlines. In the case that the deadline can be met without duplication, more schedule holes are created. These holes can be used to schedule other tasks. Simulations show that the proposed algorithms efficiently utilize the holes and improve the success ratio by 15%–50% versus comparable algorithms.

[1]  Yu Shengsheng,et al.  A New Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems , 2007, Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application (IITA 2007).

[2]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Supporting Graph-Based Real-Time Applications in Distributed Systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE 17th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications.

[3]  Suleyman Tosun,et al.  Energy- and reliability-aware task scheduling onto heterogeneous MPSoC architectures , 2012, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[4]  Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,et al.  Classification, Customization, and Characterization: Using MILP for Task Allocation and Scheduling , 2006 .

[5]  Gongfa Li,et al.  Research on Fuzzy Intelligent Control of Coke oven Heating , 2007 .

[6]  Sanjeev Baskiyar,et al.  Scheduling directed a-cyclic task graphs on a bounded set of heterogeneous processors using task duplication , 2005, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[7]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Enhancing the Schedulability of Real-Time Heterogeneous Networks of Workstations (NOWs) , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[8]  Nitin Auluck,et al.  Contention Aware Energy Efficient Scheduling on Heterogeneous Multiprocessors , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[9]  Wayne H. Wolf,et al.  TGFF: task graphs for free , 1998, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign. (CODES/CASHE'98).

[10]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , 1978 .

[11]  Niraj K. Jha,et al.  COFTA : Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis of Heterogeneous Distributed Embedded Systems for Low Overhead Fault Tolerance , 1999 .

[12]  Niraj K. Jha,et al.  COSYN: Hardware-software co-synthesis of heterogeneous distributed embedded systems , 1999, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[13]  Salim Hariri,et al.  Performance-Effective and Low-Complexity Task Scheduling for Heterogeneous Computing , 2002, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst..

[14]  Helen D. Karatza,et al.  Scheduling multiple task graphs in heterogeneous distributed real-time systems by exploiting schedule holes with bin packing techniques , 2011, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[15]  Kuldip Singh,et al.  Dealing with heterogeneity through limited duplication for scheduling precedence constrained task graphs , 2005, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[16]  Xiao Qin,et al.  Security-Aware Resource Allocation for Real-Time Parallel Jobs on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Clusters , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[17]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Improving scheduling of tasks in a heterogeneous environment , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[18]  Y.-K. Kwok,et al.  Static scheduling algorithms for allocating directed task graphs to multiprocessors , 1999, CSUR.

[19]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  An Integrated Scheduling Algorithm for Precedence Constrained Hard and Soft Real-Time Tasks on Heterogeneous Multiprocessors , 2004, EUC.

[20]  James W. Layland,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.

[21]  Xiao Qin,et al.  A dynamic and reliability-driven scheduling algorithm for parallel real-time jobs executing on heterogeneous clusters , 2005, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[22]  Ishfaq Ahmad,et al.  On Exploiting Task Duplication in Parallel Program Scheduling , 1998, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst..

[23]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Scheduling of periodic time critical applications for pipelined execution on heterogeneous systems , 2001, International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2001..

[24]  Xiao-Min Zhu,et al.  Multi-Dimensional Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks on Heterogeneous Clusters , 2009, Journal of Computer Science and Technology.