Biological effective dose evaluation in gynaecological brachytherapy: LDR and HDR treatments, dependence on radiobiological parameters, and treatment optimisation

PurposeThis study was undertaken to compare the biological efficacy of different high-dose-rate (HDR) and low-dose-rate (LDR) treatments of gynaecological lesions, to identify the causes of possible nonuniformity and to optimise treatment through customised calculation.Materials and methodsThe study considered 110 patients treated between 2001 and 2006 with external beam radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy with either LDR (afterloader Selectron, 137Cs) or HDR (afterloader microSelectron Classic, 192Ir). The treatments were compared in terms of biologically effective dose (BED) to the tumour and to the rectum (linear-quadratic model) by using statistical tests for comparisons between independent samples.ResultsThe difference between the two treatments was statistically significant in one case only. However, within each technique, we identified considerable nonuniformity in therapeutic efficacy due to differences in fractionation schemes and overall treatment time. To solve this problem, we created a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet allowing calculation of the optimal treatment for each patient: best efficacy (BEDtumour) without exceeding toxicity threshold (BEDrectum).ConclusionsThe efficacy of a treatment may vary as a result of several factors. Customised radiobiological evaluation is a useful adjunct to clinical evaluation in planning equivalent treatments that satisfy all dosimetric constraints.RiassuntoObiettivoConfrontare l’efficacia biologica dei trattamenti HDR e LDR per lesioni ginecologiche maligne, individuare le cause di eventuali disomogeneità, ottimizzare il trattamento con un calcolo personalizzato.Materiali e metodiNello studio rientrano 110 pazienti trattate nel nostro centro dal 2001 al 2006 con radioterapia a fasci esterni e/o brachiterapia LDR (afterloader Selectron, 137Cs) o HDR (afterloader microSelectron Classic, 192Ir). I diversi trattamenti sono confrontati sulla base della dose biologicamente efficace (BED) al tumore e al retto (modello lineare-quadratico), tramite test statistici di confronto fra due o più medie per campioni indipendenti.RisultatiLa differenza tra i diversi tipi di trattamento è risultata significativa solo in un caso; all’interno di ogni singola metodica si è però riscontrata notevole variabilità di efficacia, causata dalla diversità degli schemi di frazionamento e dalla disparità della durata totale del trattamento. Per eliminare tale variabilità si è impostato un calcolo personalizzato (foglio di calcolo Microsoft Excel) per individuare il trattamento ottimale che fornisca l’efficacia desiderata (BEDtumore) senza superare la soglia di tossicità al tessuto sano (BEDretto).ConclusioniNumerose variabili nel trattamento possono causare notevoli disparità di efficacia; la valutazione radiobiologica personalizzata è un utile supporto a quella clinica per impostare trattamenti equivalenti nel rispetto dei vincoli dosimetrici.

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