Interactive, dynamic simulation using extrapolation methods

Interactive dynamic simulation means that the user observes and manipulates the simulator in real time (e.g. operator training). While low order, explicit, fixed step integration methods are suitable for many such applications, they have known limitations for stiff systems. However, standard implicit integrators do not provide a ready answer either, due to their automatic step size control and their sensitivity to discontinuities caused by interactions from the user. In order to combine the desirable real time features of explicit integrators with the stability characteristics of implicit algorithms, semi-implicit integrators coupled with extrapolation codes are explored. The principles and performance of the extrapolation methods are illustrated on a humidification column with feedback temperature control.

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