Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood diarrhea case management — Kenya, 2009–2016

[1]  E. Ashley,et al.  Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[2]  S. P. Kachur,et al.  Impact of introduction of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on antibiotic prescribing: analysis of observational and randomised studies in public and private healthcare settings , 2017, British Medical Journal.

[3]  L. Hicks,et al.  Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship. , 2016, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

[4]  G. Kang,et al.  Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight countries: a prospective cohort study , 2016, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[5]  Eyal Oren,et al.  Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 , 2016, The Lancet.

[6]  Fatima Aziz,et al.  Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to identify causes of diarrhoea in children: a reanalysis of the GEMS case-control study , 2016, The Lancet.

[7]  H. Sachdev,et al.  Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five , 2016, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[8]  J. Montgomery,et al.  Notes from the Field: Ongoing Cholera Outbreak - Kenya, 2014-2016. , 2016, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[9]  F. Zhang,et al.  Use of antibiotics by urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province, China: cross‐sectional study , 2015, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[10]  M. Azage,et al.  Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics and Its Associated Factors among Urban and Rural Communities of Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia , 2015, PloS one.

[11]  P. Aide,et al.  Under treatment of pneumonia among children under 5 years of age in a malaria-endemic area: population-based surveillance study conducted in Manhica district- rural, Mozambique. , 2015, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[12]  Marc Mendelson,et al.  The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance. , 2015, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.

[13]  D. Call,et al.  A review of 40 years of enteric antimicrobial resistance research in Eastern Africa: what can be done better? , 2015, Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control.

[14]  P. Siba,et al.  Use of Antibiotics within the IMCI Guidelines in Outpatient Settings in Papua New Guinean Children: An Observational and Effectiveness Study , 2014, PloS one.

[15]  I. Njeru,et al.  National surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in Kenya, 1997-2010. , 2013, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[16]  Inacio Mandomando,et al.  Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study , 2013, The Lancet.

[17]  T. Farag,et al.  Health Care-Seeking Behavior During Childhood Diarrheal Illness: Results of Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Surveys of Caretakers in Western Kenya, 2007–2010 , 2013, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[18]  R. Sauve,et al.  Does Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Training Improve the Skills of Health Workers? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2013, PloS one.

[19]  R. Breiman,et al.  Use of Population-based Surveillance to Define the High Incidence of Shigellosis in an Urban Slum in Nairobi, Kenya , 2013, PloS one.

[20]  S. Shekalaghe,et al.  Antibiotic prescribing practice in management of cough and/or diarrhoea in Moshi Municipality, Northern Tanzania: cross-sectional descriptive study , 2012, The Pan African medical journal.

[21]  D. Schnabel,et al.  Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhoea in four provinces of Kenya. , 2012, Journal of infection in developing countries.

[22]  I. Choonara,et al.  Ciprofloxacin safety in paediatrics: a systematic review , 2011, Archives of Disease in Childhood.

[23]  Brad Spellberg,et al.  Combating antimicrobial resistance: policy recommendations to save lives. , 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[24]  A. Pathak,et al.  Adherence to treatment guidelines for acute diarrhoea in children up to 12 years in Ujjain, India - a cross-sectional prescription analysis , 2011, BMC infectious diseases.

[25]  Heather Burke,et al.  The Burden of Common Infectious Disease Syndromes at the Clinic and Household Level from Population-Based Surveillance in Rural and Urban Kenya , 2011, PloS one.

[26]  S. Osatakul,et al.  Appropriate use of empirical antibiotics in acute diarrhoea: a cross-sectional survey in southern Thailand , 2007, Annals of tropical paediatrics.

[27]  J. Thomson,et al.  Handbook IMCI: integrated management of childhood illness. , 2007 .

[28]  J. Wells,et al.  Surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western Kenya, 1997-2003. , 2006, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[29]  Chris Drakeley,et al.  Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[30]  J. Wells,et al.  Epidemiology of sporadic bloody diarrhea in rural Western Kenya. , 2003, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[31]  M. W. Weber,et al.  IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) Eine Strategie im Kampf gegen Kindersterblichkeit in Entwicklungsländern , 1999, Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde.

[32]  S. Zeger,et al.  Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models , 1986 .

[33]  R. Tibshirani Regression Shrinkage and Selection via the Lasso , 1996 .