Recent Advances Toward Optical Devices in Semiconductor-Based Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals, artificial, wavelength-scale multidimensional periodic structures, have given birth to a number of realizations in semiconductors. Photonic integrated circuits, especially around new integrated lasers, are challenging directions of research for miniaturization and new functions in optical telecommunications. We review the basic physics behind such applications and underline the current status of this very active research field worldwide

[1]  E. Purcell,et al.  Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid , 1946 .

[2]  土屋 一郎,et al.  Ultra-High-Q Photonic Double-Heterostructure Nanocavity , 2005 .

[3]  I. Sagnes,et al.  Phase-matched frequency doubling at photonic band edges: efficiency scaling as the fifth power of the length. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[4]  K. Choquette,et al.  Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers X , 2006 .

[5]  N. A. Olsson,et al.  High‐speed direct single‐frequency modulation with large tuning rate and frequency excursion in cleaved‐coupled‐cavity semiconductor lasers , 1983 .

[6]  Axel Scherer,et al.  High frequency oscillation in photonic crystal nanolasers , 2004 .

[7]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Theory of light propagation in strongly modulated photonic crystals: Refractionlike behavior in the vicinity of the photonic band gap , 2000 .

[8]  Christian Seassal,et al.  Analysis of hybrid photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. , 2003, Optics express.

[9]  Pulse compression in line defect photonic crystal waveguide , 2005, OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005..

[10]  A. Forchel,et al.  Two-channel tunable laser diode based on photonic crystals , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[11]  Toshihiko Baba,et al.  High-power single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with triangular holey structure , 2004 .

[12]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Self-collimating phenomena in photonic crystals , 1999 .

[13]  Toshihiko Baba,et al.  Dispersion-controlled optical group delay device by chirped photonic crystal waveguides , 2004 .

[14]  Soon-Hong Kwon,et al.  Very-low-threshold photonic band-edge lasers from free-standing triangular photonic crystal slabs , 2002 .

[15]  Kim,et al.  Two-dimensional photonic band-Gap defect mode laser , 1999, Science.

[16]  J Fedeli,et al.  Experimental evidence for superprism phenomena in SOI photonic crystals. , 2004, Optics express.

[17]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Channel Drop Tunneling through Localized States , 1998 .

[18]  Thomas F. Krauss,et al.  Two-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelengths , 1996, Nature.

[19]  E. Yablonovitch,et al.  Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. , 1987, Physical review letters.

[20]  G. Duan,et al.  1.5μm room-temperature emission of square-lattice photonic-crystal waveguide lasers with a single line defect , 2005 .

[21]  C. Weisbuch,et al.  Compact and fault-tolerant photonic crystal add-drop filter. , 2003, Optics letters.

[22]  Frederic Pommereau,et al.  Distributed feedback regime of photonic crystal waveguide lasers at 1.5μm , 2004 .

[23]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[24]  Yong-Hee Lee,et al.  Square-lattice photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. , 2004, Optics express.

[25]  M. Notomi,et al.  Waveguides, resonators and their coupled elements in photonic crystal slabs. , 2004, Optics express.

[26]  L. Andreani,et al.  Intrinsic diffraction losses in photonic crystal waveguides with line defects , 2003 .

[27]  Kent D. Choquette,et al.  Transverse modes of photonic crystal vertical-cavity lasers , 2004 .

[28]  Susumu Noda,et al.  In-plane-type channel drop filter in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab , 2004 .

[29]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure , 2000, Nature.

[30]  Soon-Hong Kwon,et al.  Electrically Driven Single-Cell Photonic Crystal Laser , 2004, Science.

[31]  Alexei Chelnokov,et al.  Near-infrared Yablonovite-like photonic crystals by focused-ion-beam etching of macroporous silicon , 2000 .

[32]  Yoshimasa Sugimoto,et al.  Low propagation loss of 0.76 dB/mm in GaAs-based single-line-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal slab waveguides up to 1 cm in length. , 2004, Optics express.

[33]  Younan Xia,et al.  Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals for use in the spectral region from ultraviolet to near-infrared , 1999 .

[34]  A. Campillo,et al.  Optical processes in microcavities , 1996 .

[35]  Alfred Forchel,et al.  Single-mode operation of coupled-cavity lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystals , 2001 .

[36]  Thomas P. Pearsall,et al.  Experimental and theoretical confirmation of Bloch-mode light propagation in planar photonic crystal waveguides , 2002 .

[37]  Y. Vlasov,et al.  Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends. , 2004, Optics express.

[38]  Sergei G. Romanov,et al.  Emission in a SnS2 inverted opaline photonic crystal , 2001 .

[39]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell's equations in a planewave basis. , 2001, Optics express.

[40]  Lijun Wu,et al.  Experimental verification of numerically optimized photonic crystal injector, Y-splitter, and bend , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[41]  Yurii A. Vlasov,et al.  Synthesis of Photonic Crystals for Optical Wavelengths from Semiconductor Quantum Dots , 1999 .

[42]  Y. Vlasov,et al.  Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides. , 2003, Optics express.

[43]  E. Purcell.  Spontaneous Emission Probabilities at Radio Frequencies , 1995 .

[44]  Willem L. Vos,et al.  Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals , 2004, Nature.

[45]  Audrey Berrier,et al.  High external efficiency in a monomode full-photonic-crystal laser under continuous wave electrical injection , 2004 .

[46]  Alfred Forchel,et al.  Two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled-defect laser diode , 2003 .

[47]  Philippe Regreny,et al.  Very low threshold vertical emitting laser operation in InP graphite photonic crystal slab on silicon , 2003 .

[48]  Oskar Painter,et al.  Experimental demonstration of a high quality factor photonic crystal microcavity , 2003 .

[49]  Hirohito Yamada,et al.  Photonic crystal line defect waveguide directional coupler , 2001 .

[50]  Shinpei Ogawa,et al.  Control of Light Emission by 3D Photonic Crystals , 2004, Science.

[51]  T. Baba,et al.  Very Compact Arrayed-Waveguide-Grating Demultiplexer Using Si Photonic Wire Waveguides , 2004 .

[52]  M. Kamp,et al.  Photonic crystal waveguides with propagation losses in the 1 dB/mm range , 2004 .

[53]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Drilled alternating-layer three-dimensional photonic crystals having a full photonic band gap , 2000 .

[54]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Radiation losses of waveguide-based two-dimensional photonic crystals: Positive role of the substrate , 2000 .

[55]  Nonlinear decoupled FDTD code: phase-matching in 2D defective photonic crystal , 2002 .

[56]  K Ohtaka,et al.  Low-threshold laser oscillation due to group-velocity anomaly peculiar to two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals. , 1999, Optics express.

[57]  P. Monnier,et al.  Tuning a two-dimensional photonic crystal resonance via optical carrier injection. , 2005, Optics letters.

[58]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Photonic crystals for micro lightwave circuits using wavelength-dependent angular beam steering , 1999 .

[59]  W. Barnes,et al.  Surface plasmon subwavelength optics , 2003, Nature.

[60]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Finite-depth and intrinsic losses in vertically etched two-dimensional photonic crystals , 2002 .

[61]  E. Jalaguier,et al.  InP-based two-dimensional photonic crystal on silicon: In-plane Bloch mode laser , 2002 .

[62]  T. Asano,et al.  Ultra-high-Q photonic double-heterostructure nanocavity , 2005 .

[63]  D. Deppe,et al.  Improved performance of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using a tunnel injection active region , 1997 .

[64]  M. Qiu,et al.  Negative refraction at infrared wavelengths in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[65]  A. Scherer,et al.  Coupled-resonator optical waveguide: a proposal and analysis. , 1999, Optics letters.

[66]  Sergei A. Kuchinsky,et al.  Coupling between photonic crystal waveguides , 2002 .

[67]  Shirley Dex,et al.  JR 旅客販売総合システム（マルス）における運用及び管理について , 1991 .

[68]  R. Raj,et al.  Optical amplification in two-dimensional photonic crystals , 2005 .

[69]  Axel Scherer,et al.  High Quality Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab Cavities , 2001 .

[70]  Jeff Young,et al.  Enhanced second-harmonic generation from planar photonic crystals. , 2003, Optics letters.

[71]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Low-reflection photonic-crystal taper for efficient coupling between guide sections of arbitrary widths. , 2002, Optics letters.

[72]  Che Ting Chan,et al.  Photonic band gaps in three dimensions: New layer-by-layer periodic structures , 1994 .

[73]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Quantitative measurement of transmission, reflection and diffraction of two-dimensional photonic band gap structures at near-infrared wavelengths , 1997 .

[74]  John,et al.  Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. , 1987, Physical review letters.

[75]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Optical bistable switching action of Si high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities. , 2005, Optics express.

[76]  Nikolaos Stefanou,et al.  Impurity bands in photonic insulators , 1998 .

[77]  G. Ozin,et al.  Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres , 2000, Nature.

[78]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[79]  Shawn-Yu Lin,et al.  Three-dimensional photonic crystal with a stop band from 1.35 to 1.95 microm. , 1999, Optics letters.

[80]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Toward ultrahigh-efficiency aluminum oxide microcavity light-emitting diodes: guided mode extraction by photonic crystals , 2002 .

[81]  J. Joannopoulos,et al.  High Transmission through Sharp Bends in Photonic Crystal Waveguides. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[82]  Yong-Hee Lee,et al.  Single-fundamental-mode photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 2002 .

[83]  Yihong Chen,et al.  Sub-micrometre dielectric and metallic yablonovite structures fabricated from resist templates , 2002 .

[84]  T. Krauss,et al.  Superprism phenomena in planar photonic crystals , 2002 .

[85]  P ? ? ? ? ? ? ? % ? ? ? ? , 1991 .

[86]  A. Stentz,et al.  Visible continuum generation in air–silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm , 2000 .

[87]  Anders Karlsson,et al.  Photonic crystal optical filter based on contra-directional waveguide coupling , 2003 .

[88]  R. F. Kazarinov,et al.  Second-order distributed feedback lasers with mode selection provided by first-order radiation losses , 1985 .

[89]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Coupled guide and cavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal , 2001 .

[90]  H. Yokoyama,et al.  Physics and Device Applications of Optical Microcavities , 1992, Science.

[91]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[92]  A. Sugitatsu,et al.  Room temperature operation of 2D photonic crystal slab defect-waveguide laser with optical pump , 2003 .

[93]  T. Asano,et al.  High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal , 2003, Nature.

[94]  Frederic Pommereau,et al.  Fabrication of low loss two-dimensional InP photonic crystals by inductively coupled plasma etching , 2004 .

[95]  Elias Burstein,et al.  Confined electrons and photons : new physics and applications , 1995 .

[96]  Noritsugu Yamamoto,et al.  Optical properties of three-dimensional photonic crystals based on III–V semiconductors at infrared to near-infrared wavelengths , 1999 .

[97]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Out-of-plane losses of two-dimensional photonic crystals waveguides: Electromagnetic analysis , 2001 .

[98]  D. Van Thourhout,et al.  Low-loss SOI photonic wires and ring resonators fabricated with deep UV lithography , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[99]  Eli Yablonovitch,et al.  Lithographic Band Gap Tuning in Photonic Band Gap Crystals , 1996 .

[100]  T. Krauss,et al.  Miniband transmission in a photonic crystal coupled-resonator optical waveguide. , 2001, Optics letters.

[101]  Henri Benisty,et al.  Compact wavelength monitoring by lateral outcoupling in wedged photonic crystal multimode waveguides , 2005 .