CD4+ T cell depletion in an untreated HIV type 1-infected human leukocyte antigen-B*5801-positive patient with an undetectable viral load.

We report a case of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for 20 years who has experienced CD4(+) T cell depletion in spite of maintaining undetectable viral loads. Our data suggest that immune activation can cause CD4(+) T cell depletion even when HIV-1 replication appears to be controlled by host factors.

[1]  H. Schuitemaker,et al.  Low Immune Activation despite High Levels of Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Results in Long-Term Asymptomatic Disease , 2007, Journal of Virology.

[2]  Asier Sáez-Cirión,et al.  HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[3]  J. Brenchley,et al.  Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection , 2006, Retrovirology.

[4]  R. Siliciano,et al.  Isolation and Characterization of Replication-Competent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from a Subset of Elite Suppressors , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[5]  Robert F. Siliciano,et al.  Maintenance of viral suppression in HIV-1–infected HLA-B*57+ elite suppressors despite CTL escape mutations , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[6]  Bette Korber,et al.  Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA , 2004, Nature.

[7]  D. Strick,et al.  Comprehensive Epitope Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific T-Cell Responses Directed against the Entire Expressed HIV-1 Genome Demonstrate Broadly Directed Responses, but No Correlation to Viral Load , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[8]  Martin Meier-Schellersheim,et al.  CD4 T Cell Depletion Is Linked Directly to Immune Activation in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 but Only Indirectly to the Viral Load1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[9]  R. Koup,et al.  Decay Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Peripheral Blood after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[10]  F. Marincola,et al.  HLA B*5701 is highly associated with restriction of virus replication in a subgroup of HIV-infected long term nonprogressors. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  J. Mills,et al.  Immunologic and virologic status after 14 to 18 years of infection with an attenuated strain of HIV-1. A report from the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[12]  J V Giorgi,et al.  Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. , 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[13]  T. Greenough,et al.  Declining CD4 T-cell counts in a person infected with nef-deleted HIV-1. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  J. Mellors,et al.  Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in Plasma Predicts Outcome after Seroconversion , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[15]  R. Schooley,et al.  Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia--immunodeficiency without evidence of HIV infection. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.