Bioinspired Surfaces with Superwettability for Anti-Icing and Ice-Phobic Application: Concept, Mechanism, and Design.

Ice accumulation poses a series of severe issues in daily life. Inspired by the nature, superwettability surfaces have attracted great interests from fundamental research to anti-icing and ice-phobic applications. Here, recently published literature about the mechanism of ice prevention is reviewed, with a focus on the anti-icing and ice-phobic mechanisms, encompassing the behavior of condensate microdrops on the surface, wetting, ice nucleation, and freezing. Then, a detailed account of the innovative fabrication and fundamental research of anti-icing materials with special wettability is summarized with a focus on recent progresses including low-surface energy coatings and liquid-infused layered coatings. Finally, special attention is paid to a discussion about advantages and disadvantages of the technologies, as well as factors that affect the anti-icing and ice-phobic efficiency. Outlooks and the challenges for future development of the anti-icing and ice-phobic technology are presented and discussed.

[1]  J. Ding,et al.  Ice-phobic coatings based on silicon-oil-infused polydimethylsiloxane. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[2]  T. Young.  III. An essay on the cohesion of fluids , 1805, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.

[3]  Evelyn N Wang,et al.  Unified model for contact angle hysteresis on heterogeneous and superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[4]  N. Patankar,et al.  Rapid deceleration-driven wetting transition during pendant drop deposition on superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[5]  Shuqing Yang,et al.  In situ investigation of ice formation on surfaces with representative wettability , 2010 .

[6]  W. Barthlott,et al.  Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces , 1997, Planta.

[7]  Dimos Poulikakos,et al.  Are superhydrophobic surfaces best for icephobicity? , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[8]  Masoud Farzaneh,et al.  Highly resistant icephobic coatings on aluminum alloys , 2011 .

[9]  Shu Yang,et al.  Spatially Selective Nucleation and Growth of Water Droplets on Hierarchically Patterned Polymer Surfaces , 2016, Advanced materials.

[10]  Yanlin Song,et al.  Investigating the effects of solid surfaces on ice nucleation. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[11]  Huan Liu,et al.  Self-removal of condensed water on the legs of water striders , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[12]  Yuekun Lai,et al.  Robust translucent superhydrophobic PDMS/PMMA film by facile one-step spray for self-cleaning and efficient emulsion separation , 2017 .

[13]  N. Koratkar,et al.  Impact dynamics and rebound of water droplets on superhydrophobic carbon nanotube arrays , 2007 .

[14]  Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen,et al.  Drop Impact on a Solid Surface , 2016 .

[15]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Designing Superhydrophobic Porous Nanostructures with Tunable Water Adhesion , 2009 .

[16]  FuLiping,et al.  Effectiveness of anti-icing operations for snow and ice control of parking lots and sidewalks , 2014 .

[17]  K. Kim,et al.  Dropwise Condensation on Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces , 2014 .

[18]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Directional adhesion of superhydrophobic butterfly wings. , 2007, Soft matter.

[19]  C. Clanet,et al.  On the elasticity of an inertial liquid shock , 2006, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[20]  Tan Yiqiu,et al.  Study on Anti-icing Performance of Pavement Containing a Granular Crumb Rubber Asphalt Mixture , 2009 .

[21]  S. Nagel,et al.  Drop splashing on a dry smooth surface. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[22]  Marie T. Alt,et al.  Hybrid surface design for robust superhydrophobicity. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[23]  Yuting Luo,et al.  In Situ Growth of Densely Packed Single‐Crystal Copper Nanocone Structure Films with Condensate Microdrop Self‐Removal Function on Copper Surfaces , 2016 .

[24]  M. Rein.  Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces , 1993 .

[25]  Mansour Mohseni,et al.  A novel electro-thermal anti-icing system for fiber-reinforced polymer composite airfoils , 2013 .

[26]  Fabrice Pardo,et al.  Drops onto gradients of texture , 2009 .

[27]  C. Avedisian,et al.  On the collision of a droplet with a solid surface , 1991, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[28]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Copper-Based Ultrathin Nickel Nanocone Films with High-Efficiency Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer Performance. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[29]  Dimos Poulikakos,et al.  Mechanism of supercooled droplet freezing on surfaces , 2012, Nature Communications.

[30]  S. Yao,et al.  Do droplets always move following the wettability gradient , 2011 .

[31]  Xiying Li,et al.  Dynamic behavior of the water droplet impact on a textured hydrophobic/superhydrophobic surface: the effect of the remaining liquid film arising on the pillars' tops on the contact time. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[32]  H. Dodiuk,et al.  The Relationship between Water Wetting and Ice Adhesion , 2009 .

[33]  H. Butt,et al.  Liquid drops impacting superamphiphobic coatings. , 2013, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[34]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  Superhydrophobic Coatings with Reduced Ice Adhesion , 2009 .

[35]  Z. Jia,et al.  Study of anti-icing performance of insulator strings bottom-coated with semiconductive silicone rubber coating , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[36]  F. Xiao,et al.  Laboratory investigation of andesite and limestone asphalt mixtures containing sodium chloride-based anti-icing filler , 2015 .

[37]  E. Liu,et al.  Ice nucleation behaviour on sol-gel coatings with different surface energy and roughness. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[38]  D. Beysens,et al.  Percolation-induced frost formation , 2013 .

[39]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Fabrication of condensate microdrop self-propelling porous films of cerium oxide nanoparticles on copper surfaces. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[40]  D. Quéré,et al.  Bouncing water drops , 2000 .

[41]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Hierarchically structured porous aluminum surfaces for high-efficient removal of condensed water , 2012 .

[42]  Yuekun Lai,et al.  A review on special wettability textiles: theoretical models, fabrication technologies and multifunctional applications , 2017 .

[43]  Evelyn N Wang,et al.  Jumping-droplet-enhanced condensation on scalable superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces. , 2012, Nano letters.

[44]  Qinghua Zhang,et al.  Novel Fluorinated Polymers Containing Short Perfluorobutyl Side Chains and Their Super Wetting Performance on Diverse Substrates. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[45]  Bo Zhang,et al.  Guided Self-Propelled Leaping of Droplets on a Micro-Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Surface. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[46]  D. Ende,et al.  Wettability-independent bouncing on flat surfaces mediated by thin air films , 2014, Nature Physics.

[47]  M. Carbonaro,et al.  Experimental study of wave characteristics on a thin layer of de/anti-icing fluid , 2002 .

[48]  Xiaojun Quan,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann simulations for self-propelled jumping of droplets after coalescence on a superhydrophobic surface , 2014 .

[49]  C. Collier,et al.  Dynamic defrosting on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2013, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[50]  Jing Chen,et al.  Robust prototypical anti-icing coatings with a self-lubricating liquid water layer between ice and substrate. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[51]  Wagdi G. Habashi,et al.  Optimization via FENSAP-ICE of Aircraft Hot-Air Anti-Icing Systems , 2011 .

[52]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Efficient Self-Propelling of Small-Scale Condensed Microdrops by Closely Packed ZnO Nanoneedles. , 2014, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[53]  A. Buguin,et al.  Bouncing or sticky droplets: Impalement transitions on superhydrophobic micropatterned surfaces , 2005, cond-mat/0510773.

[54]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Clustered ribbed-nanoneedle structured copper surfaces with high-efficiency dropwise condensation heat transfer performance. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[55]  Patrick G. Verdin,et al.  Explicit Finite Volume Modeling of Aircraft Anti-Icing and De-Icing , 2008 .

[56]  J. Xin,et al.  Temperature‐Triggered Collection and Release of Water from Fogs by a Sponge‐Like Cotton Fabric , 2013, Advanced materials.

[57]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  The dynamics of thin sheets of fluid. III. Disintegration of fluid sheets , 1959, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[58]  Min Zou,et al.  Effects of surface roughness and energy on ice adhesion strength , 2011 .

[59]  Bharat Bhushan,et al.  Dynamic effects of bouncing water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[60]  Yuting Luo,et al.  Fabrication of Biomimetic Polymer Nanocone Films with Condensate Microdrop Self‐Removal Function , 2015 .

[61]  Jing Li,et al.  Symmetry breaking in drop bouncing on curved surfaces , 2015, Nature Communications.

[62]  J. Timonen,et al.  Impalement transitions in droplets impacting microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces , 2008, 0807.4648.

[63]  Yanlin Song,et al.  Viscosity of interfacial water regulates ice nucleation , 2014 .

[64]  R. Kizilel,et al.  Gelation-Stabilized Functional Composite-Modified Bitumen for Anti-icing Purposes , 2015 .

[65]  Eli Cuelho,et al.  Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Anti-Icing Strategies , 2012 .

[66]  Deyuan Zhang,et al.  Continuous directional water transport on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata , 2016, Nature.

[67]  S. Lee,et al.  Impact and wetting behaviors of impinging microdroplets on superhydrophobic textured surfaces , 2012 .

[68]  F. Giuliani,et al.  Effectiveness of sodium chloride-based anti-icing filler in asphalt mixtures , 2012 .

[69]  A. Yarin.  Drop Impact Dynamics: Splashing, Spreading, Receding, Bouncing ... , 2006 .

[70]  Yuting Luo,et al.  Condensate microdrop self-propelling aluminum surfaces based on controllable fabrication of alumina rod-capped nanopores. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[71]  Yanlin Song,et al.  Anti-icing coating with an aqueous lubricating layer. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[72]  J. Chen,et al.  Anti-icing surfaces based on enhanced self-propelled jumping of condensed water microdroplets. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[73]  D. Beysens,et al.  Condensation-induced jumping water drops. , 2009, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[74]  Lin Zhu,et al.  Research on the icephobic properties of fluoropolymer-based materials , 2011 .

[75]  Yongmei Zheng,et al.  Icephobic/Anti‐Icing Properties of Micro/Nanostructured Surfaces , 2012, Advanced materials.

[76]  E. Liu,et al.  Development of sol-gel icephobic coatings: effect of surface roughness and surface energy. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[77]  D. B. Dam,et al.  Experimental study of the impact of an ink-jet printed droplet on a solid substrate , 2004 .

[78]  Xiaoyan Yuan,et al.  Strategies for anti-icing: low surface energy or liquid-infused? , 2016 .

[80]  Zhicheng Guan,et al.  Development of anti-icing coatings applied to insulators in China , 2014, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[81]  Y. Lai,et al.  Controllable Superhydrophobic Coating on Cotton Fabric by UV Induced Thiol‐ene Reaction for Wettability Patterning and Device Metallization , 2017 .

[82]  M. Tiwari,et al.  Frost halos from supercooled water droplets , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[83]  J. Ding,et al.  Verification of icephobic/anti-icing properties of a superhydrophobic surface. , 2013, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces.

[84]  David Quéré,et al.  Delayed freezing on water repellent materials. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[85]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Bio-inspired strategies for anti-icing. , 2014, ACS nano.

[86]  Xuetong Zhao,et al.  Anti-icing performance in glaze ice of nanostructured film prepared by RF magnetron sputtering , 2015 .

[87]  P. Collier,et al.  Delayed frost growth on jumping-drop superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2013, ACS nano.

[88]  S. Tabakova,et al.  Early post-impact time dynamics of viscous drops onto a solid dry surface , 2009 .

[89]  W. Dong,et al.  Experimental Study on Icing and Anti-Icing Characteristics of Engine Inlet Guide Vanes , 2015 .

[90]  He Liu,et al.  Multifunctional Engineering Aluminum Surfaces for Self‐Propelled Anti‐Condensation , 2015 .

[91]  Michael Nosonovsky,et al.  Why superhydrophobic surfaces are not always icephobic. , 2012, ACS nano.

[92]  J. Punch,et al.  Design and Fabrication of a Hybrid Superhydrophobic-Hydrophilic Surface That Exhibits Stable Dropwise Condensation. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[93]  P. Hao,et al.  Condensation and jumping relay of droplets on lotus leaf , 2013, 1305.2032.

[94]  R. N. Wenzel.  RESISTANCE OF SOLID SURFACES TO WETTING BY WATER , 1936 .

[95]  K. Muralidhar,et al.  Dropwise Condensation Studies on Multiple Scales , 2012 .

[96]  Masoud Farzaneh,et al.  Ice adhesion on super-hydrophobic surfaces , 2009 .

[97]  H. Murase,et al.  Characterization of molecular interfaces in hydrophobic systems , 1997 .

[98]  S. Zaleski,et al.  Impact of a viscous liquid drop. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[99]  Meng Hua,et al.  Nanograssed Micropyramidal Architectures for Continuous Dropwise Condensation , 2011 .

[100]  K. Siegmann,et al.  Evaluation of icephobic coatings—Screening of different coatings and influence of roughness , 2013 .

[101]  Y. Gao,et al.  Tuning ice nucleation with counterions on polyelectrolyte brush surfaces , 2016, Science Advances.

[102]  Jing Chen,et al.  Anti-ice coating inspired by ice skating. , 2014, Small.

[103]  Bobji,et al.  Effect of wettability and surface roughness on ice-adhesion strength of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces , 2014 .

[104]  Juanlan Zhou,et al.  Evaluation of long-term performance of anti-icing asphalt pavement , 2015 .

[105]  C. Tropea,et al.  Outcomes from a drop impact on solid surfaces , 2001 .

[106]  Seungwon Shin,et al.  Energy and hydrodynamic analyses of coalescence-induced jumping droplets , 2013 .

[107]  D. Bonn,et al.  Retraction dynamics of aqueous drops upon impact on non-wetting surfaces , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[108]  Bernard A. Malouin,et al.  Directed rebounding of droplets by microscale surface roughness gradients , 2010 .

[109]  Joanna Aizenberg,et al.  Design of ice-free nanostructured surfaces based on repulsion of impacting water droplets. , 2010, ACS nano.

[110]  Robert P. Cassoni,et al.  Aircraft Anti-Icing and De-Icing Techniques and Modeling , 1996 .

[111]  Evelyn N Wang,et al.  Condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces: the role of local energy barriers and structure length scale. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[112]  A Amirfazli,et al.  A thermodynamic approach for determining the contact angle hysteresis for superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[113]  Yuekun Lai,et al.  Bioinspired Special Wettability Surfaces: From Fundamental Research to Water Harvesting Applications. , 2017, Small.

[114]  S. Schiaffino,et al.  Molten droplet deposition and solidification at low Weber numbers , 1997 .

[115]  Jing Chen,et al.  Hierarchical Porous Surface for Efficiently Controlling Microdroplets' Self‐Removal , 2013, Advanced materials.

[116]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  Effect of the Parameters of the Semiconductive Coating on the Anti-Icing Performance of the Insulators , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[117]  Lifeng Chi,et al.  Transparent superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic TiO2-based coatings for self-cleaning and anti-fogging , 2012 .

[118]  J. E. Field,et al.  ELSI conference: invited lecture: Liquid impact: theory, experiment, applications , 1999 .

[119]  Ke-Qin Zhang,et al.  Recent Advances in TiO2 -Based Nanostructured Surfaces with Controllable Wettability and Adhesion. , 2016, Small.

[120]  Alex Klein-Paste,et al.  Wet pavement anti-icing — A physical mechanism , 2013 .

[121]  V. Bahadur,et al.  Dynamics of ice nucleation on water repellent surfaces. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[122]  John Watterson,et al.  Heat transfer correlation for anti-icing systems , 2002 .

[123]  G. McKinley,et al.  Exploiting topographical texture to impart icephobicity. , 2010, ACS nano.

[124]  Wagdi G. Habashi,et al.  Surrogate-Based Optimization of Electrothermal Wing Anti-Icing Systems , 2013 .

[125]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Thin film rheology and lubricity of hyaluronic acid solutions at a normal physiological concentration. , 2002, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[126]  J. Yagüe,et al.  Enhanced Cross-Linked Density by Annealing on Fluorinated Polymers Synthesized via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition To Prevent Surface Reconstruction , 2013 .

[127]  Claudio Zilio,et al.  Aircraft anti-ice system: Evaluation of system performance with a new time dependent mathematical model , 2014 .

[128]  Christophe Clanet,et al.  Water impacting on superhydrophobic macrotextures , 2015, Nature Communications.

[129]  Yuting Luo,et al.  Facile Fabrication of Anodic Alumina Rod-Capped Nanopore Films with Condensate Microdrop Self-Propelling Function. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[130]  Shuhuai Yao,et al.  Factors affecting the spontaneous motion of condensate drops on superhydrophobic copper surfaces. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[131]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  Anti-icing performance of superhydrophobic surfaces , 2011 .

[132]  J. Ou,et al.  Anti-icing performance of transparent and superhydrophobic surface under wind action , 2015, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.

[133]  Yuming Zhao,et al.  Anti-icing performance of RTV coatings on porcelain insulators by controlling the leakage current , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[134]  Robert N. Wenzel,et al.  Surface Roughness and Contact Angle. , 1949 .

[135]  Chao Sun,et al.  Microdroplet impact at very high velocity , 2012 .

[136]  Jing Li,et al.  Bioinspired Interfacial Materials with Enhanced Drop Mobility: From Fundamentals to Multifunctional Applications. , 2015, Small.

[137]  K. Sobolev,et al.  From superhydrophobicity to icephobicity: forces and interaction analysis , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[138]  Chengrong Li,et al.  Ice adhesion on different microstructure superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces , 2013 .

[139]  E. Ling,et al.  Reducing Ice Adhesion on Nonsmooth Metallic Surfaces: Wettability and Topography Effects. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[140]  Olivier Parent,et al.  Anti-icing and de-icing techniques for wind turbines: Critical review , 2011 .

[141]  George M. Whitesides,et al.  How to Make Water Run Uphill , 1992, Science.

[142]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Robust Anti‐Icing Performance of a Flexible Superhydrophobic Surface , 2016, Advanced materials.

[143]  Panneer Selvam,et al.  Developing Anti-Icing Airfield Runways Using Conductive Concrete with Renewable Energy , 2014 .

[144]  T. Seto,et al.  Ice nucleation in emulsified aqueous solutions of antifreeze protein type III and poly(vinyl alcohol). , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[145]  Xiaowei Pei,et al.  Integration of Self‐Lubrication and Near‐Infrared Photothermogenesis for Excellent Anti‐Icing/Deicing Performance , 2015 .

[146]  Chenyu Wang,et al.  Thickness dependence of ice removal stress for a polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite: Sylgard 184. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[147]  Tiezheng Qian,et al.  Pancake bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces , 2014, Nature Physics.

[148]  Xianming Shi,et al.  Longevity of corrosion inhibitors and performance of anti-icing products after pavement application: A case study , 2012 .

[149]  L. Makkonen,et al.  Superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brush layers with imparted anti-icing properties: effect of counter ions. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[150]  T. Deng,et al.  Nonwetting of impinging droplets on textured surfaces , 2009 .

[151]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  How wetting hysteresis influences ice adhesion strength on superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[152]  D. Lohse,et al.  Drop impact on superheated surfaces. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[153]  Xiaoyan Yuan,et al.  Preparation and icephobic properties of polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane–polyacrylate block copolymers , 2014 .

[154]  Dong Yun Lee,et al.  Tunable Anisotropic Wettability of Rice Leaf‐Like Wavy Surfaces , 2013 .

[155]  Gareth H McKinley,et al.  A modified Cassie-Baxter relationship to explain contact angle hysteresis and anisotropy on non-wetting textured surfaces. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[156]  Jolanta A Watson,et al.  Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[157]  G. McKinley,et al.  Relationships between water wettability and ice adhesion. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[158]  Evelyn N Wang,et al.  Effect of droplet morphology on growth dynamics and heat transfer during condensation on superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces. , 2012, ACS nano.

[159]  M. Pasandideh-Fard,et al.  Capillary effects during droplet impact on a solid surface , 1996 .

[160]  Tao Wang,et al.  Approaching the theoretical contact time of a bouncing droplet on the rational macrostructured superhydrophobic surfaces , 2015 .

[161]  Ya-Pu Zhao,et al.  Size effect on the coalescence-induced self-propelled droplet , 2011 .

[162]  S. Kulinich,et al.  Superhydrophobic surfaces: are they really ice-repellent? , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[163]  Liping Fu,et al.  Field Test of Organic Deicers as Prewetting and Anti-Icing Agents for Winter Road Maintenance , 2012 .

[164]  Rong Xiao,et al.  Uni-directional liquid spreading on asymmetric nanostructured surfaces. , 2010, Nature materials.

[165]  C. Furmidge,et al.  Studies at phase interfaces. I. The sliding of liquid drops on solid surfaces and a theory for spray retention , 1962 .

[166]  Ke-Qin Zhang,et al.  Constructing multifunctional MOF@rGO hydro-/aerogels by the self-assembly process for customized water remediation , 2017 .

[167]  Fred E. C. Culick,et al.  Comments on a Ruptured Soap Film , 1960 .

[168]  G. McKinley,et al.  Linker-free grafting of fluorinated polymeric cross-linked network bilayers for durable reduction of ice adhesion , 2014 .

[169]  H. H. G. Jellinek,et al.  Adhesive properties of ice , 1957 .

[170]  Xiaoyan Yuan,et al.  Submicron/nano-structured icephobic surfaces made from fluorinated polymethylsiloxane and octavinyl-POSS , 2016 .

[171]  Yanlin Song,et al.  Condensation mode determines the freezing of condensed water on solid surfaces , 2012 .

[172]  James J. Feng,et al.  Numerical simulations of self-propelled jumping upon drop coalescence on non-wetting surfaces , 2014, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[173]  H. Fuchs,et al.  In Situ Surface‐Modification‐Induced Superhydrophobic Patterns with Reversible Wettability and Adhesion , 2013, Advanced materials.

[174]  Ilker S. Bayer,et al.  Contact angle dynamics in droplets impacting on flat surfaces with different wetting characteristics , 2006, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[175]  Catherine Clark,et al.  Aerodynamic Effects of Anti-Icing Fluids on a Thin High-Performance Wing Section , 2016 .

[176]  D. Quéré,et al.  Bouncing transitions on microtextured materials , 2006 .

[177]  M. Tiwari,et al.  Supercooled water drops impacting superhydrophobic textures. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[178]  F. Chevy,et al.  Water spring: A model for bouncing drops , 2003 .

[179]  H. Fuchs,et al.  Multifunctional superamphiphobic TiO2 nanostructure surfaces with facile wettability and adhesion engineering. , 2014, Small.

[180]  Yanlin Song,et al.  Superhydrophobic surfaces cannot reduce ice adhesion , 2012 .

[181]  Tao Wang,et al.  Relationship between Wetting Hysteresis and Contact Time of a Bouncing Droplet on Hydrophobic Surfaces. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[182]  M. Tiwari,et al.  On the nanoengineering of superhydrophobic and impalement resistant surface textures below the freezing temperature. , 2014, Nano letters.

[183]  Ke-Qin Zhang,et al.  Understanding the Role of Dynamic Wettability for Condensate Microdrop Self-Propelling Based on Designed Superhydrophobic TiO2 Nanostructures. , 2017, Small.

[184]  Yubo Jiao,et al.  Evaluation of anti-icing performance for crumb rubber and diatomite compound modified asphalt mixture , 2016 .

[185]  Heihachi Murase,et al.  Interactions between heterogeneous surfaces of polymers and water , 1994 .

[186]  C. Béguin,et al.  Maximal deformation of an impacting drop , 2004, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[187]  Lufeng Che,et al.  Activating the Microscale Edge Effect in a Hierarchical Surface for Frosting Suppression and Defrosting Promotion , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[188]  G. R. Wood,et al.  Homogeneous Nucleation Kinetics of Ice from Water , 1970 .

[189]  R. Michelmore,et al.  Nucleation rates of ice in undercooled water and aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol. , 1982, Cryobiology.

[190]  Ke-Qin Zhang,et al.  Robust fluorine-free superhydrophobic PDMS–ormosil@fabrics for highly effective self-cleaning and efficient oil–water separation , 2016 .

[191]  Wagdi G. Habashi,et al.  Constrained problem formulations for power optimization of aircraft electro-thermal anti-icing systems , 2015 .

[192]  Elena P Ivanova,et al.  Natural bactericidal surfaces: mechanical rupture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells by cicada wings. , 2012, Small.

[193]  Yifu Ding,et al.  States of water in different hydrophilic polymers — DSC and FTIR studies , 2001 .

[194]  Lei Jiang,et al.  The Dry‐Style Antifogging Properties of Mosquito Compound Eyes and Artificial Analogues Prepared by Soft Lithography , 2007 .

[195]  A. Hozumi,et al.  Self-lubricating organogels (SLUGs) with exceptional syneresis-induced anti-sticking properties against viscous emulsions and ices , 2015 .

[196]  J. L. Due,et al.  Cratering phenomena on aircraft anti-icing films , 1996 .

[197]  Kripa K. Varanasi,et al.  Reducing the contact time of a bouncing drop , 2013, Nature.

[198]  Joanna Aizenberg,et al.  Liquid-infused nanostructured surfaces with extreme anti-ice and anti-frost performance. , 2012, ACS nano.

[199]  T. Deng,et al.  Frost formation and ice adhesion on superhydrophobic surfaces , 2010 .

[200]  Shu Yang,et al.  Orthogonal Control of Stability and Tunable Dry Adhesion by Tailoring the Shape of Tapered Nanopillar Arrays , 2015, Advanced materials.

[201]  A. Cassie,et al.  Wettability of porous surfaces , 1944 .

[202]  E. Wang,et al.  How coalescing droplets jump. , 2014, ACS nano.

[203]  Konrad Rykaczewski,et al.  Bioinspired Stimuli‐Responsive and Antifreeze‐Secreting Anti‐Icing Coatings , 2015 .

[204]  J. Boreyko,et al.  Self-propelled dropwise condensate on superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2009, Physical review letters.