Anticipation – the underlying science of sport. Report on research in progress

Professional sport practitioners intuitively acknowledge anticipation. Sports researchers sometimes discuss it. Still, there is little data-based evidence to characterize the role anticipation plays in human performance. Even less documented is the distinction between reaction and anticipation. This text presents the real-time quantification environment developed as an AnticipationScope™. Based on a very large data harvest from this experimental set-up, hypotheses regarding the role of anticipation in sport are advanced. The conclusion is that while preparation and reaction play an important role in sports performance, in the final analysis anticipation distinguishes the professional from other sport practitioners. Work in progress is presented with the aim of engaging the community of researchers in the design of alternative methods for quantifying anticipation and for processing the data. Generalization from sport to human performance is one of the intended outcomes of this research.

[1]  Neil T. Roach,et al.  Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo , 2013, Nature.

[2]  Peter Stone,et al.  Anticipation: A Key for Collaboration in a Team of Agents , 1999 .

[3]  Richard E.A. van Emmerik,et al.  On the functional aspects of variability in postural control. , 2002 .

[4]  M. S. Mayzner,et al.  Cognition And Reality , 1976 .

[5]  G. Knoblich,et al.  Predicting the Effects of Actions: Interactions of Perception and Action , 2001, Psychological science.

[6]  G. J. Thomas.  The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements , 1967 .

[7]  K. Imanaka,et al.  Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. , 2002, Human movement science.

[8]  J. Jolles,et al.  Rapid visuomotor preparation in the human brain: a functional MRI study. , 2003, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[9]  W. F. Straub,et al.  Cognitive Sport Psychology , 1984 .

[10]  D. Bramble,et al.  Endurance running and the evolution of Homo , 2004, Nature.

[11]  B. Abernethy.  Visual search strategies and decision-making in sport. , 1991 .

[12]  F. Lacquaniti,et al.  The role of preparation in tuning anticipatory and reflex responses during catching , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[13]  G. Williams.  Human Evolution and Human History : A Complete Theory , 2000 .

[14]  Mihai Nadin,et al.  Quantifying Anticipatory Characteristics. The AnticipationScope™ and the AnticipatoryProfile™ , 2014, Advanced Intelligent Computational Technologies and Decision Support Systems.

[15]  N. A. Bernshteĭn.  The co-ordination and regulation of movements , 1967 .

[16]  D. N. Lee,et al.  Guiding the swing in golf putting , 2000, Nature.

[17]  C. Urgesi,et al.  Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players , 2008, Nature Neuroscience.

[18]  D Sternad,et al.  Dynamics of a bouncing ball in human performance. , 2000, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[19]  B. Abernethy.  Anticipation in sport: A review , 1986 .

[20]  A. Williams,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Sports Sciences Visual Search, Anticipation and Expertise in Soccer Goalkeepers Visual Search, Anticipation and Expertise in Soccer Goalkeepers , 2022 .

[21]  O. Meijer,et al.  The Loyal Dissident: N.A. Bernstein and the Double-Edged Sword of Stalinism , 2007, Journal of the history of the neurosciences.

[22]  D. Bishop,et al.  Physiological Aspects of Surfboard Riding Performance , 2005, Sports medicine.

[23]  Hassan Ghasemzadeh,et al.  An efficient placement and routing technique for fault-tolerant distributed embedded computing , 2005, 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'05).

[24]  E. Bertin,et al.  Dynamics of a bouncing ball , 2014, 1405.3482.

[25]  B. Prabhakaran,et al.  Integration of Motion Capture and EMG data for Classifying the Human Motions , 2007, 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering Workshop.

[26]  B. Hommel,et al.  Effect anticipation and action control. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[27]  Neil T. Roach,et al.  The effect of humeral torsion on rotational range of motion in the shoulder and throwing performance , 2012, Journal of anatomy.

[28]  D. K. Arvind,et al.  The speckled golfer , 2008, BODYNETS.

[29]  B. Abernethy,et al.  Chapter 1 The Rise and Fall of Dominant Paradigms in Motor Behaviour Research , 1992 .

[30]  Hassan Ghasemzadeh,et al.  Energy-Efficient Information-Driven Coverage for Physical Movement Monitoring in Body Sensor Networks , 2009, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[31]  Joseph McIntyre,et al.  Estimating time to contact and impact velocity when catching an accelerating object with the hand. , 2003, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[32]  Peter McLeod,et al.  Implicit knowledge and motor skill: What people who know how to catch don’t know , 2010, Consciousness and Cognition.

[33]  M. Ziessler,et al.  Cognitive control of action: The role of action effects , 2004, Psychological research.

[34]  J. Gibson.  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[35]  Hassan Ghasemzadeh,et al.  Wearable coach for sport training: A quantitative model to evaluate wrist-rotation in golf , 2009, J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ..

[36]  Keiji Tanaka,et al.  Optical Imaging of Functional Organization in the Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex , 1996, Science.

[37]  F. J. J. Buytendijk,et al.  Allgemeine Theorie der menschlichen Haltung und Bewegung , 1956 .

[38]  F.Tito Arecchi,et al.  Cognition and Reality , 2017, 1802.09627.

[39]  F. McKenna,et al.  Skilled anticipation in real-world tasks: measurement of attentional demands in the domain of tennis. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[40]  M. Velmans.  Is human information processing conscious? , 1991, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[41]  L. Carlton,et al.  The Use of Anticipatory Visual Cues by Highly Skilled Tennis Players , 2005, Journal of motor behavior.

[42]  J. Hoffmann,et al.  Anticipatory control of actions , 2004 .

[43]  Mihai Nadin,et al.  Mind: Anticipation and Chaos , 1995 .

[44]  B. Richmond,et al.  Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited. , 2001, American journal of physical anthropology.

[45]  F. Lacquaniti,et al.  Anticipatory and reflex coactivation of antagonist muscles in catching , 1987, Brain Research.

[46]  A. Goldman,et al.  Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading , 1998, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[47]  Z. Borysiuk,et al.  Time and spatial aspects of movement anticipation , 2007 .

[48]  A. Williams,et al.  Global Information Pickup Underpins Anticipation of Tennis Shot Direction , 2009, Journal of motor behavior.

[49]  K Tanaka,et al.  Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. , 1993, Science.

[50]  K. Lashley.  The problem of serial order in behavior , 1951 .

[51]  B. Abernethy,et al.  Anticipation in squash: differences in advance cue utilization between expert and novice players. , 1990, Journal of sports sciences.

[52]  Keiji Tanaka,et al.  Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[53]  A. Aertsen,et al.  Spike synchronization and rate modulation differentially involved in motor cortical function. , 1997, Science.

[54]  A. H. Louie.  The Imminence Mapping Anticipates , 2016, Anticipation Across Disciplines.

[55]  R. van Emmerik,et al.  On the Functional Aspects of Variability in Postural Control , 2002, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[56]  L Knuf,et al.  An analysis of ideomotor action. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. General.