Abstract. Inefficiency is one of major causes of low performance in Indonesian rice production. This study measures the technical efficiency of rice production in five Indonesian regions and examines its determining factors. A stochastic frontier production function is used to reflect best practice production given certain levels of input use with equal amounts of technology. Unbalanced panel data on input-output rice production consisting of 358 farm operation in 2003, 2008 and 2013 are employed for estimating frontier production functions. The results indicate that variation in rice production across the five main regions is due primarily to variation in technical efficiency. Sources of variation within technical inefficiency include household characteristics, composition of labour and tractor use. Of the five regions investigated, rice production on Java is the most efficient. Technical efficiency of rice production increases over time in all five regions but remains low overall. This study concludes that there is considerable room for productivity improvements in Indonesian rice-based agribusiness through increases in technical efficiency. Keywords: farm level panel data, rice agribusiness, stochastic production frontier, technical efficiency Abstrak. Inefisiensi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama rendahnya kinerja agribisnis bebasis padi di Indonesia. Studi ini mengukur efisiensi teknis produksi padi di lima wilayah Indonesia dan meneliti faktor-faktor yang menentukan efisiensi. Fungsi produksi frontier stokastik digunakan untuk menduga produksi terbaik pada tingkat penggunaan input dan teknologi tertentu dengan jumlah yang sama. Data panel input-output produksi padi yang terdiri dari 358 agribisnis padi pada tahun 2003, 2008 dan 2013 digunakan untuk memperkirakan fungsi produksi frontier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi produksi padi di lima wilayah utama terutama disebabkan oleh perbedaan efisiensi teknis. Sumber variasi dalam inefisiensi teknis meliputi karakteristik rumah tangga petani, komposisi tenaga kerja dan traktor digunakan. Dari lima wilayah penelitian, produksi padi di Jawa adalah yang paling efisien. Efisiensi teknis produksi padi meningkat dari waktu ke waktu di semua lima wilayah namun tetap rendah secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada cukup peluang untuk memperbaiki produktivitas agribisnis padi Indonesia melalui peningkatan efisiensi teknis. Kata kunci: agribisnis padi, efisiensi teknis, produksi frontier stokastik, panel data tingkat petani
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