A functional MRI study of high-level cognition

GO is a board game thought to be different from chess in many aspects, most significantly in that GO emphasizes global strategy more than local battle, a property very difficult for computer programs to emulate. To investigate the neural basis of GO, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activities of subjects engaged in playing GO. Enhanced activations were observed in many cortical areas, such as dorsal prefrontal, parietal, occipital, posterior temporal, and primary somatosensory and motor areas. Quantitative analysis indicated a modest degree of stronger activation in right parietal area than in left. This type of right hemisphere lateralization differs from the modest left hemisphere lateralization observed during chess playing.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Theme: Neural basis of behaviour

[1]  Edward E. Smith,et al.  Working Memory: A View from Neuroimaging , 1997, Cognitive Psychology.

[2]  A. Nobre,et al.  Where and When to Pay Attention: The Neural Systems for Directing Attention to Spatial Locations and to Time Intervals as Revealed by Both PET and fMRI , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[3]  R. Cabeza,et al.  Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[4]  M. Diamond,et al.  Primary Motor and Sensory Cortex Activation during Motor Performance and Motor Imagery: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[5]  F. Gobet.  Expert memory: a comparison of four theories , 1998, Cognition.

[6]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Where in the brain does visual attention select the forest and the trees? , 1996, Nature.

[7]  Robert J. Sternberg,et al.  The Holey Grail of General Intelligence , 2000, Science.

[8]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  A neural system for human visual working memory. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  M. Erb,et al.  Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study , 1999, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[10]  Judith S Reitman,et al.  Skilled perception in Go: Deducing memory structures from inter-response times , 1976, Cognitive Psychology.

[11]  M. Torrens.  Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268 , 1990 .

[12]  M. Raichle,et al.  Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography , 1991, Nature.

[13]  R W Cox,et al.  AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. , 1996, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[14]  Newell,et al.  A neural basis for general intelligence , 2000, American journal of ophthalmology.

[15]  Mark S. Cohen,et al.  Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation. A mapping study using functional MRI. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[16]  M. Jeannerod,et al.  Possible involvement of primary motor cortex in mentally simulated movement: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. , 1996, Neuroreport.