Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers. Foundations I: General

We propose the general framework of a new algorithm, derived from the interactions of chains of RNA, which is capable of self-organization. It considers sequences of binary numbers (strings) and their interaction with each other. Analogous to RNA systems, a folding of sequences is introduced to generate alternative two-dimensional forms of the binary sequences. The two-dimensional forms of strings can naturally interact with one-dimensional forms and generate new sequences. These new sequences compete with the original strings due to selection pressure. Populations of initially random strings develop in a stochastic reaction system, following the reaction channels between string types. In particular, replicating and self-replicating string types can be observed in such systems.

[1]  H. Scheraga,et al.  Monte Carlo-minimization approach to the multiple-minima problem in protein folding. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  A. Tanenbaum Computer recreations , 1973 .

[3]  Hans-Paul Schwefel,et al.  Numerical Optimization of Computer Models , 1982 .

[4]  Qizhong Wang Optimization by simulating molecular evolution , 1987, Biological Cybernetics.

[5]  Charles E. Taylor Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence. Complex Adaptive Systems.John H. Holland , 1994 .

[6]  W. Banzhaf,et al.  The “molecular” traveling salesman , 1990, Biological Cybernetics.

[7]  P. Wolynes,et al.  Spin glasses and the statistical mechanics of protein folding. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  T. Cech,et al.  Self-splicing RNA: Autoexcision and autocyclization of the ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of tetrahymena , 1982, Cell.

[9]  T. Sejnowski,et al.  Predicting the secondary structure of globular proteins using neural network models. , 1988, Journal of molecular biology.

[10]  Wolfgang Banzhaf,et al.  Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers. Foundations II: Strings of length N=4 , 1993, Biological Cybernetics.

[11]  Gregory. J. Chaitin,et al.  Algorithmic information theory , 1987, Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science.

[12]  S. Kauffman Autocatalytic sets of proteins. , 1986 .

[13]  P. Schuster,et al.  A computer model of evolutionary optimization. , 1987, Biophysical chemistry.

[14]  Gregory J. Chaitin,et al.  Algorithmic Information Theory , 1987, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[15]  N. Pace,et al.  The RNA moiety of ribonuclease P is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme , 1983, Cell.

[16]  Barry Robson,et al.  Introduction to proteins and protein engineering , 1986 .

[17]  Schuster,et al.  Physical aspects of evolutionary optimization and adaptation. , 1989, Physical review. A, General physics.

[18]  K. Dill,et al.  A lattice statistical mechanics model of the conformational and sequence spaces of proteins , 1989 .

[19]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[20]  Wolfgang Banzhaf,et al.  Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers☆ , 1993 .

[21]  Junie McCree The travelling salesman , 1913 .

[22]  Wolfgang Banzhaf,et al.  Finding the Global Minimum of a Low-Dimensional Spin-Glass Model , 1989, Parallelism, Learning, Evolution.

[23]  Ron Laskey Genes (3rd edn): by Benjamin Lewin, John Wiley & Sons, 1987. £33.45/$38.95 (hbk), £16.95/$11.50 (pbk) (xx + 761 pages) ISBN 0 471 8378 2 , 1988 .

[24]  M. Eigen Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules , 1971, Naturwissenschaften.