Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Synthesis over Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanism of hydrocarbon synthesis over Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. The superiority of liquid over gaseous energy carriers, in particular for automotive purposes, resides in the high energy density of liquids and the relatively low weight of the required container. When compared to solid fuels such as coal, liquids have the advantage that pollutants can be removed more easily, and transport through pipelines or in tankers is cheap and efficient. The chemistry of the catalytic processes is, of course, independent of the way in which the synthesis gas was manufactured; besides coal gasification the steam re-forming of natural gas is a well-known route to produce synthesis gas, although with a higher H 2 /CO ratio. It is convenient to distinguish methanation, where methane is the predominant product, and the Fischer- Tropsck process directed toward the manufacture of predominantly liquid hydrocarbons. However, as the product composition for a given catalyst largely depends on the conditions, the term Fischer-Tropsck catalysis is used also for those cases in which, owing to the variation of one or more of these parameters, the product is mainly gaseous or solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

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