Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Propagation in Rain Based on Parabolic Equation Method

The parabolic equation (PE) method is proposed to model millimeter-wave propagation in rain medium. The rain medium is treated as an anisotropy mixture comprising of spherical and ellipsoidal raindrops with different sizes in atmosphere. Taking into account the effects of size, distribution, temperature, and shape of the raindrops on the dielectric property, we introduce an analytical formula for the effective permittivity of the rain medium. The PE model for estimating rain attenuation is developed via revising the refractive index by the effective permittivity. The values of specific rain attenuation predicted by the model agree well with those obtained by the ITU-R model, which verifies the accuracy of our method. Finally, the PE model is applied to simulate the propagation characteristics of millimeter wave in rain over irregular terrain.

[1]  Levent Sevgi,et al.  A Novel Split-Step Parabolic-Equation Package for Surface-Wave Propagation Prediction Along Multiple Mixed Irregular-Terrain Paths , 2010, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[2]  M.M.Z. Kharadly,et al.  A simplified approach to the evaluation of EMW propagation characteristics in rain and melting snow , 1988 .

[3]  T. Manabe,et al.  Millimeter-wave attenuation and delay rates due to fog/cloud conditions , 1989 .

[4]  L. Sevgi,et al.  The Split-Step-Fourier and Finite-Element-Based Parabolic-Equation Propagation-Prediction Tools: Canonical Tests, Systematic Comparisons, and Calibration , 2010, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[5]  M. Levy.  Parabolic Equation Methods for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation , 2000 .

[6]  S. Gong,et al.  Accurate Analytical Model of Equivalent Dielectric Constant for Rain Medium , 2006 .

[7]  L. Sevgi,et al.  Two-Way Propagation Modeling in Waveguides With Three-Dimensional Finite-Element and Split-Step Fourier-Based PE Approaches , 2011, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[8]  Tharek Abd Rahman,et al.  Empirically Derived Path Reduction Factor for Terrestrial Microwave Links Operating at 15 Ghz in Peninsula Malaysia , 2011 .

[9]  C. Yardim,et al.  Multiple Grazing Angle Sea Clutter Modeling , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[10]  Aniruddha Bhattacharya,et al.  Rain-Induced Scintillations and Attenuation of Ku-Band Satellite Signals at a Tropical Location , 2012, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[11]  D. J. Donohue,et al.  Propagation modeling over terrain using the parabolic wave equation , 2000 .

[12]  Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim,et al.  Rain attenuation predictions on terrestrial radio links: differential equations approach , 2012, Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol..

[13]  M. S. Pontes,et al.  Unified method for the prediction of rain attenuation in satellite and terrestrial links , 2012 .