Analgesic, Anti- inflammatory, Anti- lipoxygenase Activity and Characterization of Three Bioactive Compounds in the Most Active Fraction of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.)Wight & Arn. – A Valuable Medicinal Plant

Leptadenia reticulata was reported to be used for several medicinal purposes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities of L. reticulata. The anti-inflammatory assay was performed by λ-carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema test. Pro inflammatory mediators (IL2, IL6, TNF-α) in serum of treated and control organism were analyzed by quantitative ELISA. Lipid peroxidation inhibition was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Analysis of the most active fraction revealed the presence of one phenolic compound (p-coumaric acid), two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) which also determined quantitatively. The ethyl acetate fraction at 600 mg/Kg significantly inhibited λ-carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema by 60.59% and 59.24% respectively. Notable reduction in percentage of writhing (76.25%), induced by acetic acid signifies the potent analgesic activity. Lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) in serum at the 4th hour of λ-Carrageenan injection indicated the inhibition of cyclooxigenase-2 (Cox-2), Nitric oxide (NO) and release of prostaglandin to prevent inflammation. The study also demonstrated the decrease in malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration which revealed the lipid peroxidation inhibition potential of the plant. Our finding provides evidence for potent biological activities in tested model which is supported by its characterized bioactive compounds and ethnomedicinal relevance.

[1]  G. Kite,et al.  Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources , 2017 .

[2]  G. Münch,et al.  Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content , 2012, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

[3]  B. Ravishankar,et al.  Phyto-chemical evaluation of dried aqueous extract of Jivanti [Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wt. et Arn] , 2012, Ayu.

[4]  Ajay Kumar,et al.  Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. , 2012, Advances in pharmacological sciences.

[5]  Pei-Hsin Shie,et al.  Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Constituents In Vitro and In Vivo , 2012, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[6]  Pei-Hsin Shie,et al.  Antinociceptive Activities and the Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammation of Asiatic Acid in Mice , 2011, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[7]  J. Calixto,et al.  Antinociceptive Activity of Trichilia catigua Hydroalcoholic Extract: New Evidence on Its Dopaminergic Effects , 2011, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[8]  L. Sathiyanarayanan,et al.  Anticarcinogenic activity of Leptadenia reticulata against Dalton's Ascitic Lymphoma , 2008 .

[9]  Achinto Saha,et al.  Antinociceptive Activity of Whole Plant Extracts of Paederia foetida , 2007 .

[10]  R. Abbate,et al.  p-Coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, inhibits platelet activity in vitro and in vivo , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[11]  J. C. Carvalho,et al.  Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of extract, fractions and populnoic acid from bark wood of Austroplenckia populnea. , 2007, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[12]  L. Fick,et al.  Cytokine profiles during carrageenan-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in rat muscle and hind paw. , 2007, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[13]  K. Komatsu,et al.  Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Activities of Six Curcuma Rhizomes: A Possible Curcuminoid-independent Pathway Mediated by Curcuma phaeocaulis Extract , 2006, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[14]  I. Guissou,et al.  Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Dicliptera verticillata , 2006 .

[15]  P. Akah,et al.  Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Ficus platyphylla Extract in Mice and Rats , 2002 .

[16]  F. Cunha,et al.  Involvement of resident macrophages and mast cells in the writhing nociceptive response induced by zymosan and acetic acid in mice. , 2000, European journal of pharmacology.

[17]  M. Jordana,et al.  IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[18]  R N Hill,et al.  Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures. , 1995, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[19]  D. Deepak,et al.  Three Novel Pregnane Glycosides from Leptadenia reticulata Wight and Arn. , 1994 .

[20]  K. Yagi,et al.  Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. , 1979, Analytical biochemistry.

[21]  Rao Dv,et al.  CRYSTALLINE PRINCIPLES FROM THE LEAVES AND TWIGS OF LEPTADENIA RETICULATA , 1975, Planta medica.

[22]  W. Schreiber,et al.  Biphasic development of carrageenin edema in rats. , 1969, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[23]  H. Margolius.  Tissue kallikreins and kinins: regulation and roles in hypertensive and diabetic diseases. , 1989, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[24]  A. Lewis,et al.  Pharmacological methods in the control of inflammation , 1989 .

[25]  P. Subramanian,et al.  ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF LEPTADENIA RETICULATA WIGHT AND ARN.: OCCURRENCE OF SIMIARENOL. , 1977 .

[26]  R. Koster,et al.  ACETIC ACID FOR ANALGESIC SCREENING , 1959 .