Laser Fabrication of 3D Gelatin Scaffolds for the Generation of Bioartificial Tissues

In the present work, the two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique was applied to develop precisely defined biodegradable 3D tissue engineering scaffolds. The scaffolds were fabricated via photopolymerization of gelatin modified with methacrylamide moieties. The results indicate that the gelatin derivative (GelMod) preserves its enzymatic degradation capability after photopolymerization. In addition, the developed scaffolds using 2PP support primary adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into the anticipated lineage.

[1]  M Cornelissen,et al.  Structural and rheological properties of methacrylamide modified gelatin hydrogels. , 2000, Biomacromolecules.

[2]  Costas Fotakis,et al.  Three-dimensional biodegradable structures fabricated by two-photon polymerization. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[3]  Lorenzo Moroni,et al.  3D Fiber‐Deposited Electrospun Integrated Scaffolds Enhance Cartilage Tissue Formation , 2008 .

[4]  Kristi S Anseth,et al.  Photocrosslinking of gelatin macromers to synthesize porous hydrogels that promote valvular interstitial cell function. , 2009, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[5]  J. A. Hubbell,et al.  Cell‐Responsive Synthetic Hydrogels , 2003 .

[6]  J. P. Li,et al.  The effect of scaffold architecture on properties of direct 3D fiber deposition of porous Ti6Al4V for orthopedic implants. , 2010, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[7]  M. Neubauer,et al.  Generation of mature fat pads in vitro and in vivo utilizing 3-D long-term culture of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. , 2004, Experimental cell research.

[8]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regeneration , 2008, Advanced functional materials.

[9]  Masutaka Furue,et al.  Photocured, styrenated gelatin-based microspheres for de novo adipogenesis through corelease of basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I. , 2004, Tissue engineering.

[10]  Buddy D Ratner,et al.  Biomaterials: where we have been and where we are going. , 2004, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[11]  Jennifer L West,et al.  Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel system supports preadipocyte viability, adhesion, and proliferation. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[12]  K. Yasuda,et al.  In situ regeneration of adipose tissue in rat fat pad by combining a collagen scaffold with gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[13]  Veerle Cnudde,et al.  Porous gelatin hydrogels: 1. Cryogenic formation and structure analysis. , 2007, Biomacromolecules.

[14]  Dietmar W Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffold-based tissue engineering: rationale for computer-aided design and solid free-form fabrication systems. , 2004, Trends in biotechnology.

[15]  Alan Ward,et al.  The Science and technology of gelatin , 1977 .

[16]  Aleksandr Ovsianikov,et al.  Two‐photon polymerization technique for microfabrication of CAD‐designed 3D scaffolds from commercially available photosensitive materials , 2007, Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

[17]  C. Patrick,et al.  Preadipocyte seeded PLGA scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. , 1999, Tissue engineering.

[18]  Norbert Pallua,et al.  Implantation of preadipocyte-loaded hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds into nude mice to evaluate potential for soft tissue engineering. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[19]  David J Mooney,et al.  Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials. , 2006, Macromolecular bioscience.

[20]  K. Leong,et al.  The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part II. Rapid prototyping techniques. , 2002, Tissue engineering.

[21]  K Sternberg,et al.  Three-dimensional laser micro- and nano-structuring of acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) materials and evaluation of their cytoxicity for tissue engineering applications. , 2011, Acta biomaterialia.

[22]  Jeffrey T Borenstein,et al.  Microfabrication of three-dimensional engineered scaffolds. , 2007, Tissue engineering.

[23]  Eric T Ritschdorff,et al.  Multiphoton lithography using a high-repetition rate microchip laser. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[24]  J. Mao,et al.  Ex Vivo Adipose Tissue Engineering by Human Marrow Stromal Cell Seeded Gelatin Sponge , 2005, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  Sangeeta N Bhatia,et al.  Three-dimensional tissue fabrication. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[26]  Seung‐Woo Cho,et al.  Engineering of volume-stable adipose tissues. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[27]  Lisa E. Freed,et al.  Accordion-Like Honeycombs for Tissue Engineering of Cardiac Anisotropy , 2008, Nature materials.

[28]  N. Kotov,et al.  Three-dimensional cell culture matrices: state of the art. , 2008, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.

[29]  S. Hollister.  Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering , 2005, Nature materials.

[30]  Glenn D Prestwich,et al.  Adipose tissue engineering with naturally derived scaffolds and adipose-derived stem cells. , 2007, Biomaterials.