Miniature Super-Directive and Super-Gain Parasitic Antenna Array Based on Far-Field Pattern Synthesis

In this paper, a generalized far-field pattern synthesis technique is presented. This technique is used to design an electrically small directive parasitic antenna array with end-fire radiation characteristic, having an electrical size ka=0.9 and driven with a single feeding port. The CST-MWS simulated super-directivity condition shows 10.1 dBi directivity for a three-element parasitic array with a 28.6% radiation efficiency, resulting in a 4.7 dBi gain. For gain and radiation efficiency enhancement, the way to achieve a super-gain condition is demonstrated, with CST-MWS simulated gain showing 6.6 dBi and 99.7% radiation efficiency for a three-element parasitic array.