An integrated device with high performance multi-function generators and time-to-digital convertors.

A highly integrated, high performance, and re-configurable device, which is designed for the Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V) center based quantum applications, is reported. The digital compartment of the device is fully implemented in a Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA). The digital compartment is designed to manage the multi-function digital waveform generation and the time-to-digital convertors. The device provides two arbitrary-waveform-generator channels which operate at a 1 Gsps sampling rate with a maximum bandwidth of 500 MHz. There are twelve pulse channels integrated in the device with a 50 ps time resolution in both duration and delay. The pulse channels operate with the 3.3 V transistor-transistor logic. The FPGA-based time-to-digital convertor provides a 23-ps time measurement precision. A data accumulation module, which can record the input count rate and the distributions of the time measurement, is also available. A digital-to-analog convertor board is implemented as the analog compartment, which converts the digital waveforms to analog signals with 500 MHz lowpass filters. All the input and output channels of the device are equipped with 50 Ω SubMiniature version A termination. The hardware design is modularized thus it can be easily upgraded with compatible components. The device is suitable to be applied in the quantum technologies based on the N-V centers, as well as in other quantum solid state systems, such as quantum dots, phosphorus doped in silicon, and defect spins in silicon carbide.

[1]  A. Shields.  Semiconductor quantum light sources , 2007, 0704.0403.

[2]  Xi Qin,et al.  High-Time-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance With Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers , 2016, IEEE Magnetics Letters.

[3]  L. Hollenberg,et al.  Electric-field sensing using single diamond spins , 2011 .

[4]  Jiangfeng Du,et al.  Sensing and atomic-scale structure analysis of single nuclear-spin clusters in diamond , 2013, Nature Physics.

[5]  J. Cirac,et al.  Room-Temperature Quantum Bit Memory Exceeding One Second , 2012, Science.

[6]  N. Gregersen,et al.  A highly efficient single-photon source based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire , 2010 .

[7]  T. Umeda,et al.  A room temperature single photon source in silicon carbide , 2013, CLEO: 2013.

[8]  Y. Wang,et al.  Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register , 2013, Nature.

[9]  Jacob M. Taylor,et al.  High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution , 2008, 0805.1367.

[10]  Jiangfeng Du,et al.  Experimental fault-tolerant universal quantum gates with solid-state spins under ambient conditions , 2015, Nature Communications.

[11]  B. Hensen,et al.  High-fidelity projective read-out of a solid-state spin quantum register , 2011, Nature.

[12]  Ryszard Szplet,et al.  Interpolating time counter with 100 ps resolution on a single FPGA device , 2000, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas..

[13]  M W Doherty,et al.  Phonon-induced population dynamics and intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[14]  Joerg Wrachtrup,et al.  Defect center room-temperature quantum processors , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  Viatcheslav V. Dobrovitski,et al.  Supporting Information for “ Fluorescence thermometry enhanced by the quantum coherence of single spins in diamond ” , 2013 .

[16]  D. Suter,et al.  High-precision nanoscale temperature sensing using single defects in diamond. , 2013, Nano letters.

[17]  Shubin Liu,et al.  Development of a High Resolution TDC for Implementation in Flash-Based and Anti-Fuse FPGAs for Aerospace Application , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[18]  P. Maurer,et al.  Nanometre-scale thermometry in a living cell , 2013, Nature.

[19]  L. Jiang,et al.  Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond , 2007, Science.

[20]  Shubin Liu,et al.  A fully fledged TDC implemented in field-programmable-gate-arrays , 2009, 2009 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference.

[21]  Bob B. Buckley,et al.  Room temperature coherent control of defect spin qubits in silicon carbide , 2011, Nature.

[22]  D. D. Awschalom,et al.  Quantum computing with defects , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[23]  Hannes Bernien,et al.  Control and coherence of the optical transition of single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[24]  J. Wrachtrup,et al.  Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond , 2008, Science.

[25]  Alfred Leitenstorfer,et al.  Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions , 2008, Nature.

[26]  I. Sagnes,et al.  Bright solid-state sources of indistinguishable single photons , 2013, Nature Communications.

[27]  Jian Song,et al.  A high-resolution time-to-digital converter implemented in field-programmable-gate-arrays , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[28]  M. Markham,et al.  Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres , 2012, Nature.

[29]  Jacob M. Taylor,et al.  Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond , 2008, Nature.

[30]  Hongbin Sun,et al.  Single-protein spin resonance spectroscopy under ambient conditions , 2015, Science.