Optimal sizing and placement of distributed storage in low voltage networks

This paper proposes a novel algorithm to optimally size and place storage in low voltage (LV) networks based on a linearized multiperiod optimal power flow method which we call forward backward sweep optimal power flow (FBS-OPF). We show that this method has good convergence properties, its solution deviates slightly from the optimum and makes the storage sizing and placement problem tractable for longer investment horizons. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by assessing the economic viability of distributed and centralized storage in LV grids with a high photovoltaic (PV) penetration. As a main result, we quantify that for the CIGRE LV test grid distributed storage configurations achieve profitability for higher storage costs, since they allow for less PV curtailment due to grid constraints.