Modeling of inclusion evolution in a steel ladle

Optimization of deoxidizer sequencing, such as Al and Ti, is an important topic which can provide improvement in terms of inclusion composition and process stability. Nevertheless, modeling inclusion nucleation and growth in a ladle is still a challenge, since different complex mechanisms are involved. The paper describes key steps which involve an important modeling investigation. The first step deals with deoxidizer melting in a turbulent steel bath. The second is devoted to nucleation and growth of inclusions: thermodynamics criteria for inclusion precipitation and turbulent agglomeration of clusters should be simultaneously considered.