Eye movements and hazard perception in police pursuit and emergency response driving.

How do police cope with the visual demands placed on them during pursuit driving? This study compared the hazard ratings, eye movements, and physiological responses of police drivers with novice and with age-matched control drivers while viewing video clips of driving taken from police vehicles. The clips included pursuits, emergency responses, and control drives. Although police drivers did not report more hazards than the other participants reported, they had an increased frequency of electrodermal responses while viewing dangerous clips and a greater visual sampling rate and spread of search. However, despite an overall police advantage in oculomotor and physiological measures, all drivers had a reduced spread of search in nighttime pursuits because of the focusing of overt attention.

[1]  S W Quenault.  Driver behaviour: safe and unsafe drivers , 1968 .

[2]  Jacob Cohen.  Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[3]  T. Rockwell,et al.  Visual Information Seeking of Novice Drivers , 1970 .

[4]  Ronald R. Mourant,et al.  Strategies of Visual Search by Novice and Experienced Drivers , 1972 .

[5]  D. Pelz,et al.  CAUTION PROFILE AND DRIVING RECORD OF UNDERGRADUATE MALES , 1974 .

[6]  G C Staughton,et al.  METHODOLOGY OF AN IN-DEPTH ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SURVEY , 1977 .

[7]  D. Shinar,et al.  Eye Movements in Curve Negotiation , 1977, Human factors.

[8]  Y Nagayama.  ROLE OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN DRIVING , 1978 .

[9]  K. Renge,et al.  THE EFFECT OF DRIVING EXPERIENCE ON DRIVER'S VISUAL ATTENTION. AN ANALYSIS OF OBJECTS LOOKED AT, USING THE VERBAL REPORT METHOD , 1980 .

[10]  A. Quimby,et al.  HUMAN FACTORS AND DRIVING PERFORMANCE , 1981 .

[11]  Johannes Dichgans,et al.  Implications of Recent Developments in Dynamic Spatial Orientation and Visual Resolution for Vehicle Guidance , 1982 .

[12]  B L Cole,et al.  Can the conspicuity of objects be predicted from laboratory experiments? , 1985, Ergonomics.

[13]  A. R. Quimby,et al.  Perceptual abilities of accident-involved drivers , 1987 .

[14]  P Ahopalo.  DRIVING EXPERIENCE AND RESPONSE LATENCIES IN HAZARD PERCEPTION , 1987 .

[15]  Carl G. Hoyos.  Mental load and risk in traffic behaviour , 1988 .

[16]  Eileen Kowler.  Cognitive expectations, not habits, control anticipatory smooth oculomotor pursuit , 1989, Vision Research.

[17]  P T Cairney,et al.  ROAD USER BEHAVIOURS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO ACCIDENTS AT URBAN ARTERIAL/LOCAL INTERSECTIONS , 1991 .

[18]  Helmut T. Zwahlen,et al.  Eye scanning rules for drivers: how do they compare with actual observed eye scanning behavior? , 1991 .

[19]  C R Lockwood,et al.  The accident liability of car drivers , 1991 .

[20]  D. Falcone,et al.  POLICE PURSUIT IN PURSUIT OF POLICY: THE PURSUIT ISSUE, LEGAL AND LITERATURE REVIEW, AND AN EMPIRICAL STUDY. SUMMARY REPORT , 1992 .

[21]  Andy Shea,et al.  Traffic Safety and the Driver , 1992 .

[22]  Book Review: Police Vehicles and Firearms: Instruments of Deadly Force , 1993 .

[23]  D. Kennedy,et al.  Citizen preferences and perceptions concerning police pursuit policies , 1994 .

[24]  F P McKenna,et al.  HAZARD PERCEPTION IN DRIVERS: A METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING AND TRAINING , 1994 .

[25]  D. Kennedy,et al.  Risk Taking and Police Pursuit , 1994 .

[26]  P J Cooper,et al.  An examination of the crash involvement rates of novice drivers aged 16 to 55. , 1995, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[27]  L. Fridell,et al.  Probabilities and odds in hot pursuit: A benefit-cost analysis , 1995 .

[28]  Michael Land,et al.  Which parts of the road guide steering? , 1995, Nature.

[29]  M. Sivak.  The Information That Drivers Use: Is it Indeed 90% Visual? , 1996, Perception.

[30]  J. Groeger,et al.  Judgement of Traffic Scenes: The Role of Danger and Difficulty , 1996 .

[31]  N P Gregersen,et al.  Young novice drivers: towards a model of their accident involvement. , 1996, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[32]  W. Verwey,et al.  Detecting short periods of elevated workload: A comparison of nine workload assessment techniques , 1996 .

[33]  Dennis M. J. Payne,et al.  An analysis of the rates of accidents, injuries and fatalities under different light conditions: A Michigan Emergency Response Study of state police pursuits , 1997 .

[34]  A factorial analysis of police pursuit driving decisions: A research note , 1998 .

[35]  John A. Groeger,et al.  PROCESSES INVOLVED IN RESPONDING TO RISK , 1998 .

[36]  David Crundall,et al.  Effects of experience and processing demands on visual information acquisition in drivers , 1998 .

[37]  D. Wright.  Behavioural research in road safety VII , 1998 .

[38]  P. Chapman,et al.  Visual Search of Driving Situations: Danger and Experience , 1998, Perception.

[39]  G. Alpert,et al.  Public attitudes toward police pursuit driving , 1998 .

[40]  G. Underwood,et al.  Driving Experience and the Functional Field of View , 1999, Perception.

[41]  G. Underwood,et al.  Forgetting near-accidents: the roles of severity, culpability and experience in the poor recall of dangerous driving situations , 2000 .

[42]  M. A. Recarte,et al.  Effects of verbal and spatial-imagery tasks on eye fixations while driving. , 2000 .

[43]  Peter Chapman,et al.  VISUAL SEARCH PATTERNS IN TRAINED AND UNTRAINED NOVICE DRIVERS , 2002 .

[44]  David Crundall,et al.  VISUAL SEARCH WHILE DRIVING: SKILL AND AWARENESS DURING INSPECTION OF THE SCENE , 2002 .

[45]  David Crundall,et al.  Selective searching while driving: the role of experience in hazard detection and general surveillance , 2002, Ergonomics.

[46]  G. Underwood,et al.  (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/acp.806 Attending to the Peripheral World While Driving , 2022 .

[47]  Ray Fuller.  HUMAN FACTORS AND DRIVING , 2002 .