Smart Sensor Control for Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Patients

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool to treat the movement disorders created by Parkinson's tremor. The stimulation of one of the two main parts of basal ganglia (BG) in DBS is often provided without the feedback signal of the tremor which leads to undesirable side effects like cognitive impairment, anxiety, and muscle twitches. In this article, two distinct intelligent controllers are designed to stimulate the parts of a non-linear BG including subthalamic nuclei (STN) and globus pallidus internal (GPi) to overcome the current challenges of the DBS. For this purpose, an interval type-2 fractional-order fuzzy proportional derivative plus integrator (IT2FO-FPD+I) is suggested to control the two parts of BG. The control signals of the IT2FO-FPD+I controller are designed based on the tremor values which are measured by a sensor mounted on the patient's finger. Since the quality of output command of IT2FO-FPD+I controller highly depends on its coefficients, these parameters are adjusted by a sine-cosine algorithm-based wavelet mutation, called SCAWM, in a heuristic scheme. The suggested controller delivers both suitable stimulatory control signals to the brain and decreases the amplitude of tremor impressively. Comparative simulation explorations are performed subsequently to ascertain the superior performance of the suggested structured intelligent controller over that of the state-of-the-art methodologies.