Flexural Basics of Analysis and Design

Analysis and design are two interrelated activities. Analysis is the determination of the effect of loads in a member based on the given properties and applied loads. Analysis is typically a deterministic process, that is, for a given set of conditions, a single result is calculated for each external load combination. Design is a creative process that establishes the parameters needed to conduct the analysis, including selection of appropriate member sizes, prestress, and connections. An engineer designs a structure, which can be a building, bridge, or other endeavor. The structure consists of members such as slabs, beams, columns, and foundations. The loads applied to the structure generate internal stresses in these members. Consequently, building codes require that the nominal strength of a member exceed the effects of externally generated loads at all sections.