Deliberation before determination: the definition and evaluation of good decision making

Objectives  In this article, we examine definitions of suggested approaches to measure the concept of good decisions, highlight the ways in which they converge, and explain why we have concerns about their emphasis on post‐hoc estimations and post‐decisional outcomes, their prescriptive concept of knowledge, and their lack of distinction between the process of deliberation, and the act of decision determination.

[1]  A. O'Connor Validation of a Decisional Conflict Scale , 1995, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[2]  C. Charles,et al.  Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango). , 1997, Social science & medicine.

[3]  A. Tversky,et al.  The Causes of Preference Reversal , 1990 .

[4]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Hindsight ≠ foresight: the effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty* , 2003 .

[5]  G. Annas,et al.  The Practice of Autonomy: Patients, Doctors, and Medical Decisions , 2000 .

[6]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Hindsight is not equal to foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. , 1975 .

[7]  Trudy van der Weijden,et al.  Translating shared decision-making into health care clinical practices: Proof of concepts , 2008, Implementation science : IS.

[8]  J. Baron,et al.  Outcome bias in decision evaluation. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[9]  B. Fischoff Hindsight (Not Equal To) Foresight: The Effect of Outcome Knowledge on Judgment Under Uncertainty. , 1975 .

[10]  Karen R. Sepucha,et al.  An approach to measuring the quality of breast cancer decisions. , 2007, Patient education and counseling.

[11]  Amiram Gafni,et al.  Can I accurately predict the impact of an illness and its treatment on my future subjective well‐being? A complex question that does not have a simple answer , 2006, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[12]  P Kinnersley,et al.  Shared decision making and the concept of equipoise: the competences of involving patients in healthcare choices. , 2000, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[13]  P. Slovic,et al.  The Construction of Preference: Index , 2006 .

[14]  Jenny Hewison,et al.  Understanding why decision aids work: linking process with outcome. , 2003, Patient education and counseling.

[15]  R. Thomson,et al.  Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. , 2003, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[16]  P. Slovic The Construction of Preference , 1995 .

[17]  P. Todd,et al.  Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart , 1999 .

[18]  G. Elwyn,et al.  Shared decision-making in primary care: the neglected second half of the consultation. , 1999, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[19]  J. Neumann,et al.  Theory of games and economic behavior , 1945, 100 Years of Math Milestones.

[20]  Karen R. Sepucha,et al.  Toward the 'tipping point': decision aids and informed patient choice. , 2007, Health affairs.

[21]  Nick Sevdalis,et al.  Predicting preferences: a neglected aspect of shared decision‐making , 2006, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[22]  Glyn Elwyn,et al.  Evidence-based patient choice? , 2001 .

[23]  Glyn Elwyn,et al.  Inside the black box of shared decision making: distinguishing between the process of involvement and who makes the decision , 2006, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[24]  T. Marteau,et al.  A measure of informed choice , 2001, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[25]  A. Tversky,et al.  The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. , 1981, Science.

[26]  A. Raffle,et al.  Information about screening – is it to achieve high uptake or to ensure informed choice? , 2001, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[27]  Deb Feldman-Stewart,et al.  Validation of a Decision Regret Scale , 2003, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[28]  S G Pauker,et al.  What is a good decision? , 1999, Effective clinical practice : ECP.

[29]  J. Jaffray,et al.  Decision making with belief functions: Compatibility and incompatibility with the sure-thing principle , 1993 .

[30]  E. Higgins Making a good decision: value from fit. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[31]  S. Satya‐Murti Evidence-based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM , 1997 .

[32]  G. Elwyn,et al.  One hundred years ago: Should milk be boiled? , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[33]  Andrew Pleasant,et al.  Advancing Health Literacy: A Framework for Understanding and Action , 2006 .

[34]  M. Holmes-Rovner,et al.  Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Decisions , 1996, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[35]  P Burnard,et al.  The Effectiveness of One-to-one Risk-communication Interventions in Health Care , 2000, Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making.

[36]  Geoffrey W. Sutton Stumbling on Happiness , 2008 .

[37]  J. Neumann,et al.  The Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour , 1944 .

[38]  Glyn Elwyn,et al.  Shared decision-making in health care: Achieving evidence-based patient choice (Paperback) , 2009 .

[39]  Elliott S Fisher,et al.  Health Care Quality, Geographic Variations, and the Challenge of Supply-Sensitive Care , 2003, Perspectives in biology and medicine.