Can We Prevent Road Rage?

Road rage has become a serious concern in many countries, and preventive efforts are required. This article reviews what can be done to prevent road rage by exploring potential prevention avenues in five areas. First, legal changes aimed at increasing the penalties for road rage behavior could be instituted, drawing on models from aggressive-driving or impaired-driving laws. A second approach would involve the adoption of court programs for convicted road ragers. Third, car redesign offers a means of reducing crime through environmental design. Fourth, mass media education could be implemented to inform drivers of the risk from road rage and how to avoid situations that facilitate road rage. Finally, prevention efforts could be directed to long-term societal changes that emphasize structural modifications, such as reducing congestion on the roads, reduced driver stress, or promoting public transportation. The strengths and weaknesses of these strategies are discussed.

[1]  B. Wright,et al.  Road rage. , 1994, Accident and emergency nursing.

[2]  Gina Stoduto,et al.  Road Rage Experience and Behavior: Vehicle, Exposure, and Driver Factors , 2004, Traffic injury prevention.

[3]  R. S. Lynch,et al.  The driving anger expression inventory: a measure of how people express their anger on the road. , 2002, Behaviour research and therapy.

[4]  Mark Asbridge,et al.  The "homogamy" of road rage: understanding the relationship between victimization and offending among aggressive and violent motorists. , 2003, Violence and victims.

[5]  David L. Wiesenthal,et al.  The relationship between traffic congestion, driver stress and direct versus indirect coping behaviours , 1997 .

[6]  D. Parker,et al.  Are aggressive people aggressive drivers? A study of the relationship between self-reported general aggressiveness, driver anger and aggressive driving. , 2001, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[7]  R. Clarke,et al.  UNDERSTANDING CRIME DISPLACEMENT: AN APPLICATION OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY , 1987 .

[8]  L D Filkins,et al.  Court Procedures for Identifying Problem Drinkers. Volume 3: Scoring Keys , 1971 .

[9]  B. Krahé,et al.  Predicting aggressive driving behavior : the role of macho personality, age and power of car , 2002 .

[10]  A Norman Keep your distance. , 2000, Nursing times.

[11]  O. Newman,et al.  Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. , 1973 .

[12]  B. Parkinson Anger on and off the road. , 2001, British journal of psychology.

[13]  David F. Preusser,et al.  Driver record evaluation of a drinking driver rehabilitation program , 1976 .

[14]  Randall L. Rose,et al.  From Rudeness to Road Rage: the Antecedents and Consequences of Consumer Aggression , 1999 .

[15]  A. Treno,et al.  Media advocacy in community prevention: news as a means to advance policy change. , 1997, Addiction.

[16]  Gary McClure,et al.  Prevention of Alcohol Abuse , 2011, Springer US.

[17]  Victoria Parliament Drugs Inquiry into violence associated with motor vehicle use: final report , 2005 .

[18]  E. Vingilis Drinking Drivers and Alcoholics Are They From the Same Population , 1983 .

[19]  R. Smart,et al.  Deaths and injuries from road rage: cases in Canadian newspapers. , 2002, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[20]  D. Shinar,et al.  Aggressive driving: an observational study of driver, vehicle, and situational variables. , 2004, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[21]  Anna Ferrante,et al.  Road rage and the epidemiology of violence: something old, something new , 1998 .

[22]  Mark Asbridge,et al.  The criminalization of impaired driving in Canada: assessing the deterrent impact of Canada's first per se law. , 2004, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[23]  James L Nichols,et al.  Effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing drinking and driving and alcohol-involved crashes: a systematic review. , 2004, American journal of preventive medicine.

[24]  R. Smart,et al.  Is Road Rage a Serious Traffic Problem? , 2002 .

[25]  Robert E. Mann,et al.  Can we design cars to prevent road rage , 2005 .

[26]  D A Dawson,et al.  Reducing alcohol-use disorders via decreased consumption: a comparison of population and high-risk strategies. , 1996, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[27]  R. Voas Drinking and driving prevention in the community: program planning and implementation. , 1997, Addiction.

[28]  Lise Anglin,et al.  Alcohol-Related Air Rage: From Damage Control to Primary Prevention , 2003, Journal of Primary Prevention.

[29]  T. Galovski,et al.  The effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention on court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers. , 2002, Behaviour research and therapy.

[30]  R. Voas,et al.  Court Procedures for Handling Intoxicated Drivers , 2001, Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

[31]  D. Rathbone,et al.  CONTROLLING ROAD RAGE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND PILOT STUDY , 1999 .

[32]  Samuel G Charlton Perceptual and attentional effects on drivers' speed selection at curves. , 2004, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[33]  R. S. Lynch,et al.  Development of a Driving Anger Scale , 1994, Psychological reports.

[34]  G. Underwood,et al.  Anger while driving , 1999 .

[35]  D. Lupton,et al.  Road rage: drivers' understandings and experiences , 2002 .

[36]  David Hemenway,et al.  'Road rage' in Arizona: armed and dangerous. , 2002, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[37]  Samir M Fakhry,et al.  Aggressive driving: a preliminary analysis of a serious threat to motorists in a large metropolitan area. , 2002, The Journal of trauma.

[38]  Ann M. Brewer,et al.  Road rage: What, who, when, where and how? , 2000 .

[39]  Anthony Reinhardt-Rutland Traffic calming: the reality of "road rage". , 2000 .

[40]  J. Yu,et al.  Road aggression among drinking drivers: Alcohol and non-alcohol effects on aggressive driving and road rage , 2004 .

[41]  Elisabeth Wells-Parker,et al.  An exploratory study of the relationship between road rage and crash experience in a representative sample of US drivers. , 2002, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[42]  Sheila Sarkar,et al.  Spatial and Temporal Analyses of the Variations in Aggressive Driving and Road Rage Behaviors Observed and Reported on San Diego Freeways , 2000 .

[43]  B. Carcary,et al.  Children and road safety: increasing knowledge does not improve behaviour. , 2001, The British journal of educational psychology.

[44]  M. Petticrew,et al.  What are the most effective ways of improving population health through transport interventions? Evidence from systematic reviews , 2003, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[45]  Robert E Mann,et al.  Alcohol consumption and problems among road rage victims and perpetrators. , 2004, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[46]  R E Mann,et al.  The impact of programs for high-risk drinkers on population levels of alcohol problems. , 2000, Addiction.

[47]  Michael R. Gottfredson,et al.  Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization , 1977 .

[48]  R. Mann,et al.  Towards an interactionist approach to drinking — driving behaviour: implications for prevention and research , 1986 .

[49]  R. Bangert-Drowns,et al.  Final results from a meta-analysis of remedial interventions with drink/drive offenders. , 1995, Addiction.

[50]  M. Kreuter,et al.  Applications workbook to accompany health promotion planning : an educational and ecological approach , 1999 .

[51]  R. Mann,et al.  Rehabilitation for convicted drinking drivers (second offenders): effects on mortality. , 1994, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[52]  Robert E. Mann,et al.  Distinguishing causes and correlates of drinking and driving , 1996 .

[53]  L. D. Filkins,et al.  Field evaluation of court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Final report , 1973 .

[54]  S. Stansfeld,et al.  Road rage: a psychiatric phenomenon? , 2001, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[55]  C. Turner,et al.  Naturalistic studies of aggressive behavior: aggressive stimuli, victim visibility, and horn honking. , 1975, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[56]  R. Smart,et al.  The prevalence of road rage: estimates from Ontario. , 2003, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[57]  Michael Fumento,et al.  ROAD RAGE VERSUS REALITY: A MEDIA COINAGE THAT RESTS MORE ON THE INFECTIOUS APPEAL OF ALLITERATION THAN ON THE WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE. , 1998 .

[58]  D. Parker,et al.  Anger and aggression among drivers in three European countries. , 2002, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[59]  J. Arnett,et al.  Reckless driving in adolescence: 'state' and 'trait' factors. , 1997, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[60]  R. Smart,et al.  Psychiatric Distress among Road Rage Victims and Perpetrators , 2003, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[61]  R. S. Lynch,et al.  Anger, aggression, risky behavior, and crash-related outcomes in three groups of drivers. , 2003, Behaviour research and therapy.

[62]  V. B. Hammett,et al.  Aggressive driving. , 1970, Pennsylvania medicine.

[63]  T. Norström,et al.  Prevention strategies and alcohol policy. , 1995, Addiction.

[64]  D. Schrank,et al.  THE 2004 URBAN MOBILITY REPORT , 2002 .

[65]  Robert E Mann,et al.  Causes and consequences of air rage in Canada: cases in newspapers. , 2003, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[66]  S. Sarkar,et al.  Aggressive Driving and Road Rage Behaviors on Freeways in San Diego, California: Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Observed and Reported Variations , 2000 .

[67]  Rebecca Lawton,et al.  A comparison of reported levels and expression of anger in everyday and driving situations. , 2002, British journal of psychology.

[68]  Evelyn Vingilis,et al.  A critical review on the effectiveness of drinking-driving rehabilitation programmes , 1983 .