I examined the decline of Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus), a small, burrow-nesting seabird, at Langara Island. The island’s seabird colony was historically one of the largest colonies of Ancient Murrelets in British Columbia—perhaps in the world—with an estimated 200,000 nesting pairs. I reviewed historical information and compared the results of surveys from 1981 and 1988 that employed the same census protocol. The extent of the colony, a potential index of population size, declined from 101 ha in 1981 to 48 ha in 1988. Burrow density increased during the same period, however, suggesting that the colony bad consolidated. In 1988, the population estimate was 24,200 ± 4000 (S.E.) breeding pairs compared to 22,000 ± 3700 in 1981. in 1988, 29% of the burrows that were completely searched contained bones of Ancient Murrelets. Bones were most common in burrows located in abandoned areas of the colony and were least common where burrow occupancy was high. The discovery of adult Ancient Murrelets killed in their burrows by introduced rats, combined with the high proportion of burrows with bones, suggests that rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus) have contributed significantly to the decline of the population. In addition, the presence and activities of a salmon-fishing fleet in the 1950s and 1960s may also be linked to the decline of the Langara Ancient Murrelet population during that period because these fisheries are known to have caused heavy mortality through fatal light attraction and drowning in gill nets. The combined effects of ongoing predation by introduced rats and—to a lesser extent—previous, episodic fishery-induced mortality are probable causes for the population decline.
En el presente trabajo examine la declinacion de Synthliboramphus antiquus, una pequena ave marina que anida en cuevas, en la Isla Langara. La colonia de aves marinas de la isla fue historicamente una de las mas grandes de la Columbia Britanica y quizas la mas grande en el mundo con unos 200,000 pares de anidadores. Revise la informacion historica y compare los resultados de las evaluaciones realizadas en 1981 y 1988 que utilizaron el mismo protocolo de censo. La extencion de la colonia, un indice potencial del tamano poblacional, declino de 101 ha. en 1981 a 48 ha. en 1988. Sin embargo, la densidad de cuevas se incremento durante el mismo periodo, lo que sugiere que la colonia se ha consolidado. En 1988, la estimacion poblacional fue de 24,200 ± 4000 (S.E.) pares de reproductores en comparacion con 22,000 ± 3700 en 1981. En 1988, un 29% de las cuevas que fueron revisadas completamente contenian huesos de Synthliboramphus antiquus. Los huesos fueron mas comunes en cuevas localizadas en areas abandonadas de la colonia y fueron menos comunes en areas donde el grado de ocupacion era alto. El descubrimiento de adultos muertos de Synthliboramphus antiquus en sus cuevas por ratas introducidas, combinado con la alta proporcion de cuevas con huesos sugiere que las ratas (Rattus rattus y R. norvegicus) han contribuido significativamente a la declinacion de la poblacion. Adicionalmente, la presencia de actividades de la flota pesquera del salmon en las decadas de 1950 y 1960 podria tambien estar ligada a la declinacion de la poblacion de Synthliboramphus antiquus de Langara durante dicho periodo, puesto que se sabe que estas pesquerias han causado una alta mortalidad mediante la fatal atraccion luminosa y sofocaminento en redes agalleras. Los efectos combinados de la de predacion actual por ratas introducidas y en menor grado por la mortalidad episodica inducida por la pesca son las causas probables de la declinacion poblacional.
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