Interictal epileptiform discharges have an independent association with cognitive impairment in children with lesional epilepsy

The relative contribution of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) to cognitive dysfunction in comparison with the underlying brain pathology is not yet understood in children with lesional focal epilepsy.

[1]  A. Berg,et al.  Age at onset of epilepsy, pharmacoresistance, and cognitive outcomes , 2012, Neurology.

[2]  G. Holmes,et al.  Hippocampal interictal epileptiform activity disrupts cognition in humans , 2013, Neurology.

[3]  G. Chapouthier,et al.  Analysis of B 10.D2 Recombinant Congenic Mouse Strains Shows That Audiogenic and β‐CCM‐Induced Seizures Depend on Different Genetic Mechanisms , 1992, Epilepsia.

[4]  S. Gulati,et al.  Epilepsy, Cognition and Behavior , 2014, The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.

[5]  Jbam Johan Arends,et al.  Reading performance in children with rolandic epilepsy correlates with nocturnal epileptiform activity, but not with epileptiform activity while awake , 2011, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[6]  A. Berg,et al.  Towards a modern classification of the epilepsies? , 2010, The Lancet Neurology.

[7]  J. Nicolai,et al.  Interictal discharges and cognition , 2011, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[8]  C. M. Scott The Relationship between Sleep-Activated Interictal Epileptiform Discharges and Intelligence in Children , 2013, The Neurodiagnostic journal.

[9]  G. Tremont,et al.  High Risk of Reading Disability and Speech Sound Disorder in Rolandic Epilepsy Families: Case–Control Study , 2007, Epilepsia.

[10]  B. Maria Epileptic Encephalopathy , 2017, Journal of child neurology.

[11]  Torsten Baldeweg,et al.  The Development of Intellectual Abilities in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy , 2007, Epilepsia.

[12]  D. Riva,et al.  Intellectual and language findings and their relationship to EEG characteristics in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes , 2007, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[13]  A. Berg Epilepsy, cognition, and behavior: The clinical picture , 2011, Epilepsia.

[14]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  Benign Partial Epilepsy in Childhood: Selective Cognitive Deficits Are Related to the Location of Focal Spikes Determined by Combined EEG/MEG , 2005, Epilepsia.

[15]  F. Vargha-Khadem,et al.  Asymmetry of planum temporale constrains interhemispheric language plasticity in children with focal epilepsy , 2013, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[16]  Jeffrey R Tenney,et al.  Longitudinal stability of interictal spikes in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes , 2016, Epilepsia.

[17]  Lisa D. Stanford,et al.  Mental Retardation in Pediatric Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery: The Role of Early Seizure Onset , 2001, Epilepsia.

[18]  C D Binnie,et al.  Selective cognitive impairment during focal and generalized epileptiform EEG activity. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[19]  Tobias Loddenkemper,et al.  Should epileptiform discharges be treated? , 2015, Epilepsia.

[20]  C. Binnie,et al.  Cognitive Correlates of Interictal Discharges , 1992, Epilepsia.

[21]  A. Bye,et al.  The Neuropsychological and Language Profile of Children with Benign Rolandic Epilepsy , 2005, Epilepsia.

[22]  T. Loddenkemper,et al.  Longer duration of epilepsy and earlier age at epilepsy onset correlate with impaired cognitive development in infancy , 2009, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[23]  C. Korff,et al.  Epileptic activity is a surrogate for an underlying etiology and stopping the activity has a limited impact on developmental outcome , 2015, Epilepsia.

[24]  P. Boon,et al.  Cognitive effects of interictal epileptiform discharges in children. , 2012, European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society.

[25]  W. Harkness,et al.  Seizure outcome after extratemporal epilepsy surgery in childhood , 2012, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[26]  W. Rosen Neuropsychological Evaluation of Children , 1990 .

[27]  P. Peigneux,et al.  Impaired sleep-related consolidation of declarative memories in idiopathic focal epilepsies of childhood , 2015, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[28]  M Pietsch,et al.  Neuropsychological, intellectual, and behavioral findings in patients with centrotemporal spikes with and without seizures , 1997, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[29]  F. Vargha-Khadem,et al.  Long-term intellectual outcome after temporal lobe surgery in childhood , 2011, Neurology.

[30]  Gregory L. Holmes,et al.  Role of interictal epileptiform abnormalities in cognitive impairment , 2006, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[31]  J. Hesselink,et al.  Plasticity in the developing brain: intellectual, language and academic functions in children with ischaemic perinatal stroke. , 2008, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[32]  I. Wilhelm,et al.  Sleep-dependent memory consolidation – What can be learnt from children? , 2012, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.