Water on surface studied by scanning probe microscopies

La manera com es mulla una superficie quan se l'exposa a l'aigua determina fenomens crucials en biologia, en quimica i en ciencia de materials. Les microscopies locals de rastreig han obert recentment nous camins per a estudiar capes i gotes d'aigua sobre superficies que han permes l'estudi de les propietats d'allo mullat a nivell molecular. S'han desenvolupat diverses vies d'aproximacio utilitzant aquestes tecniques que proporcionen diferents informacions sobre el fenomen del que es mullat. Per exemple, la microscopia de rastreig d'efecte tunel s'utilitza per estudiar l'estructura de petits clusters i monocapes de molecules d'aigua absorbides en superficies. Malauradament, aquests estudis estan limitats a temperatures criogeniques i per substrats conductors. Per investigar fenomens relacionats amb allo mullat en condicions ambientals, el microscopi de forces atomiques en modes electrostatics de no-contacte ha esdevingut una eina molt poderosa. Mitjancant aquesta tecnica s'estudia l'estructura de les capes d'aigua mes enlla de la primera monocapa, es poden obtenir imatges de gotes a escala nanometrica per investigar la hidrofobicitat i la hidrofilicitat a escala molecular, s'investiguen processos quimics dins de capes d'aigua o s'intenta millorar la impermeabilitat de recobriments moleculars utilitzats en nanotecnologia. En aquest article es presenta una seleccio d'estudis il·lustratius, realitzats mitjancant microscopies locals de rastreig, sobre diferents aspectes rellevants en ciencia i tecnologia relacionats amb l'aigua i les superficies.

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