Synthesis of high-performance analog circuits in ASTRX/OBLX

We present a new synthesis strategy that can automate fully the path from an analog circuit topology and performance specifications to a sized circuit schematic. This strategy relies on asymptotic waveform evaluation to predict circuit performance and simulated annealing to solve a novel unconstrained optimization formulation of the circuit synthesis problem. We have implemented this strategy in a pair of tools called ASTRX and OBLX. To show the generality of our new approach, we have used this system to resynthesize essentially all the analog synthesis benchmarks published in the past decade; ASTRX/OBLX has resynthesized circuits in an afternoon that, for some prior approaches, had required months. To show the viability of the approach on difficult circuits, we have resynthesized a recently published (and patented), high-performance operational amplifier; ASTRX/OBLX achieved performance comparable to the expert manual design. And finally, to test the limits of the approach on industrial-sized problems, we have synthesized the component cells of a pipelined A/D converter; ASTRX/OBLX successfully generated cells 2-3/spl times/ more complex than those published previously.

[1]  N. Metropolis,et al.  Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines , 1953, Resonance.

[2]  Ronald A. Rohrer,et al.  Fully automated network design by digital computer: Preliminary considerations , 1967 .

[3]  H. C. Poon,et al.  An integral charge control model of bipolar transistors , 1970, Bell Syst. Tech. J..

[4]  L. Nagel,et al.  Computer analysis of nonlinear circuits, excluding radiation (CANCER) , 1971 .

[5]  F. H. Branin,et al.  Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits, Excluding Radiation (CANCER) , 1971 .

[6]  M. J. D. Powell,et al.  A View of Unconstrained Minimization Algorithms that Do Not Require Derivatives , 1975, TOMS.

[7]  Ieee Circuits,et al.  IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems information for authors , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[8]  C. D. Gelatt,et al.  Optimization by Simulated Annealing , 1983, Science.

[9]  Kishore Singhal,et al.  Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design , 1983 .

[10]  Steven G. Louie,et al.  A Monte carlo simulated annealing approach to optimization over continuous variables , 1984 .

[11]  Alfred V. Aho,et al.  Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools , 1986, Addison-Wesley series in computer science / World student series edition.

[12]  Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,et al.  Simulation of Nonlinear Circuits in the Frequency Domain , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[13]  Bing J. Sheu,et al.  BSIM: Berkeley short-channel IGFET model for MOS transistors , 1987 .

[14]  Carl Sechen,et al.  IMPROVED SIMULATED ANNEALING ALGORIHM FOR ROW-BASED PLACEMENT. , 1987 .

[15]  P.R. Gray Analog IC's in the submicron era: Trends and perspectives , 1987, 1987 International Electron Devices Meeting.

[16]  Eric A. Vittoz,et al.  IDAC: an interactive design tool for analog CMOS circuits , 1987 .

[17]  Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,et al.  ECSTASY: a new environment for IC design optimization , 1988, [1988] IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD-89) Digest of Technical Papers.

[18]  Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,et al.  DELIGHT.SPICE: an optimization-based system for the design of integrated circuits , 1988, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[19]  Bing J. Sheu,et al.  A knowledge-based approach to analog IC design , 1988 .

[20]  E. Berkcan,et al.  Analog compilation based on successive decompositions , 1988, DAC '88.

[21]  Jean-Marc Delosme,et al.  Performance of a new annealing schedule , 1988, 25th ACM/IEEE, Design Automation Conference.Proceedings 1988..

[22]  Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli,et al.  Comments on 'Simulation of nonlinear circuits in the frequency domain' [with reply] , 1989, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[23]  Georges Gielen,et al.  ISAAC: a symbolic simulator for analog integrated circuits , 1989, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[24]  Willy Sansen,et al.  Analog Circuit Design Optimization based on Symbolic Simulation and Simulated Annealing , 1989, ESSCIRC '89: Proceedings of the 15th European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[25]  C. Meixenberger,et al.  Towards an analog system design environment , 1989 .

[26]  Fathey M. El-Turky,et al.  BLADES: an artificial intelligence approach to analog circuit design , 1989, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[27]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  OASYS: a framework for analog circuit synthesis , 1989, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[28]  Lawrence T. Pileggi,et al.  Asymptotic waveform evaluation for timing analysis , 1990, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[29]  Dale E. Hocevar,et al.  A usable circuit optimizer for designers , 1990, 1990 IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Digest of Technical Papers.

[30]  Hidetoshi Onodera,et al.  Operational-amplifier compilation with performance optimization , 1990 .

[31]  T. Ohtsuki,et al.  Recent advances in VLSI layout , 1990, Proc. IEEE.

[32]  Robert K. Brayton,et al.  Multilevel logic synthesis , 1990, Proc. IEEE.

[33]  Christofer Toumazou,et al.  ISAID-a methodology for automated analog IC design , 1990, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[34]  C. Sechen,et al.  New algorithms for the placement and routing of macro cells , 1990, 1990 IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Digest of Technical Papers.

[35]  P.R. Gray,et al.  OPASYN: a compiler for CMOS operational amplifiers , 1990, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[36]  K. Nakamura,et al.  A current-based positive-feedback technique for efficient cascode bootstrapping , 1991, 1991 Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[37]  C. Meixenberger,et al.  An open design tool for analog circuits , 1991, 1991., IEEE International Sympoisum on Circuits and Systems.

[38]  Wesley E. Snyder,et al.  Optimization of functions with many minima , 1991, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[39]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  KOAN/ANAGRAM II: new tools for device-level analog placement and routing , 1991 .

[40]  W. Fichtner,et al.  Lazy-expansion symbolic expression approximation in SYNAP , 1992, 1992 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.

[41]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  A mixed-integer nonlinear programming approach to analog circuit synthesis , 1992, [1992] Proceedings 29th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.

[42]  Mohamed I. Elmasry,et al.  STAIC: an interactive framework for synthesizing CMOS and BiCMOS analog circuits , 1992, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[43]  Wolfgang Fichtner,et al.  Lazy-expansion symbolic expression approximation in SYNAP , 1992, ICCAD.

[44]  M. M. Alaybeyi,et al.  AWE-Inspired , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '93.

[45]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  Analog circuit synthesis for large, realistic cells: designing a pipelined A/D converter with ASTRX/OBLX , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '94.

[46]  Ramesh Harjani,et al.  Macromodeling of analog circuits for hierarchical circuit design , 1994, ICCAD '94.

[47]  P. Wambacq,et al.  Efficient symbolic computation of approximated small-signal characteristics , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '94.

[48]  Macrornodeling Of Analog Circuits For Hierarchical Circuit Design , 1994, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.

[49]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  ASTRX/OBLX: Tools for Rapid Synthesis of High-Performance Analog Circuits , 1994, 31st Design Automation Conference.

[50]  Francisco V. Fernández,et al.  A Statistical Optimization-based Approach For Automated Sizing Of Analog Cells , 1994, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.

[51]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  Synthesis of manufacturable analog circuits , 1994, ICCAD '94.

[52]  Qicheng Yu,et al.  Approximate symbolic analysis of large analog integrated circuits , 1994, ICCAD '94.

[53]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  Mixed-signal noise-decoupling via simultaneous power distribution design and cell customization in RAIL , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '94.

[54]  Rob A. Rutenbar,et al.  Practical Synthesis of High-Performance Analog Circuits , 1998 .